This paper develops a Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) model to analyse fire spread for informal settlements, based upon full-scale experiments. Informal settlements are frequently ravaged by fires, leaving thousands of people homeless, and with more than 1 billion people residing in informal settlements, there is a significant need to understand and improve the fire safety in such areas. Due to high levels of uncertainty inherent with input parameters regarding informal settlements, this work also investigates the sensitivity of fire behaviour to the input parameters used in numerical simulations. It is shown that spread times between two dwellings can vary from 1 minute after flashover to no spread at all, depending on the simulation input parameters selected. This paper highlights the importance of such input parameters when trying to model fire spread between dwellings. The simulations indicate that a simplified fire spread model for informal settlements is possible, especially for steel clad dwellings, however it showed that significant work is required for timber clad dwellings, that is, because the rate at which additional ventilation forms in the simulation for the timber clad dwellings is significantly slower than reality, which is as a result of the simplifications made. The simplification of using heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to model leakages, resulting from the corrugated flutes, showed good enclosure fire dynamics behaviour compared to the experiments, but created new challenges with regards to the spread mechanism, since HVAC systems do not allow electromagnetic waves to penetrate in the same manner as an opening.

中文翻译：

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基于全尺寸实验的简化火灾动态模拟器模型，用于分析多个非正规住区住宅之间的火势蔓延

本文基于全面实验开发了一个火灾动力学模拟器 (FDS) 模型来分析非正规住区的火势蔓延。非正规住区经常遭受火灾破坏，导致数千人无家可归，超过 10 亿人居住在非正规住区，因此非常需要了解和改善这些地区的消防安全。由于非正式住区的输入参数固有的高度不确定性，这项工作还研究了火灾行为对数值模拟中使用的输入参数的敏感性。结果表明，两个住宅之间的传播时间可以从闪络后 1 分钟到完全没有传播，这取决于所选的模拟输入参数。本文强调了在尝试模拟住宅之间的火灾蔓延时此类输入参数的重要性。模拟表明，非正规住区的简化火灾蔓延模型是可能的，尤其是对于钢复合住宅，但是它表明木复合住宅需要大量工作，也就是说，因为在模拟中额外通风形成的速率木结构住宅比现实慢得多，这是简化的结果。与实验相比，使用加热、通风和空调 (HVAC) 系统对波纹管导致的泄漏进行建模的简化显示出良好的外壳火灾动力学行为，但在传播机制方面带来了新的挑战，