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Classical methods and perspectives for manipulating the human gut microbial ecosystem.
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition ( IF 7.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-02 , DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1724075
Jorge Armando Jiménez-Avalos 1 , Gerardo Arrevillaga-Boni 1 , Lorena González-López 2 , Zaira Yunuen García-Carvajal 1 , Marisela González-Avila 1
Affiliation  

A healthy Human Gut Microbial Ecosystem (HGME) is a necessary condition for maintaining the orderly function of the whole body. Major alterations in the normal gut microbial composition, activity and functionality (dysbiosis) by an environmental or host-related disruptive event, can compromise metabolic, inflammatory, and neurological processes, causing disorders such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and depressive episodes. The restore or the maintaining of the homeostatic balance of Gut Microbiota (GM) populations (eubiosis) is possible through diet, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and even Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT). Although these "classic methods" represent an effective and accepted way to modulate GM, the complexity of HGME requires new approaches to control it in a more appropriate way. Among the most promising emergent strategies for modulating GM are the use of engineered nanomaterials (metallic nanoparticles (NP), polymeric-NP, quantum dots, micelles, dendrimers, and liposomes); phagotherapy (i.e., phages linked with the CRISPR/Cas9 system), and the use of antimicrobial peptides, non-antibiotic drugs, vaccines, and immunoglobulins. Here we review the current state of development, implications, advantages, disadvantages, and perspectives of the different approaches for manipulating HGME.

中文翻译:

操纵人类肠道微生物生态系统的经典方法和观点。

健康的人体肠道微生物生态系统(HGME)是维持整个身体有序功能的必要条件。环境或宿主相关破坏性事件对正常肠道微生物组成,活性和功能(营养不良)的重大改变,可能损害代谢,炎症和神经系统过程,从而导致诸如肥胖,炎症性肠病,结直肠癌和抑郁症等疾病。情节。通过饮食,使用益生菌,益生元,抗生素,甚至粪便微生物菌群移植(FMT),有可能恢复或维持肠道菌群(GM)种群的平衡(平衡)。尽管这些“经典方法”代表了一种有效且公认的调节GM的方法,HGME的复杂性要求采用新方法以更适当的方式对其进行控制。调节基因工程最有前途的新兴策略之一是使用工程化的纳米材料(金属纳米颗粒(NP),聚合物NP,量子点,胶束,树状聚合物和脂质体)。吞噬疗法(即与CRISPR / Cas9系统连接的噬菌体),以及抗菌肽,非抗生素药物,疫苗和免疫球蛋白的使用。在这里,我们回顾了操纵HGME的不同方法的发展现状,影响,优势,劣势和观点。与CRISPR / Cas9系统相关的噬菌体),以及抗菌肽,非抗生素药物,疫苗和免疫球蛋白的使用。在这里,我们回顾了操纵HGME的不同方法的发展现状,影响,优势,劣势和观点。与CRISPR / Cas9系统相关的噬菌体),以及抗菌肽,非抗生素药物,疫苗和免疫球蛋白的使用。在这里,我们回顾了操纵HGME的不同方法的发展现状,影响,优势,劣势和观点。
更新日期:2020-04-20
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