Abstract Trachyspermum ammi L. (bishop’s weed), belonging to Apiaceae family, is used as a condiment in curries, and in folk medicine for its antidiarrheal and anthelmintic properties and as a laxative. The current study was designed to extract and analyze the volatile oil of T. ammi by simultaneous-distillation extraction (SDE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and identify its major constituents by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the study evaluated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticholinesterase activities by ultraviolet spectroscopy. Among the 81 prominent peaks observed in GC-MS, the major volatile flavor compounds were thymol (50.04%) > γ-terpinene (19.13%) > ρ-cymene (18.95%) > β-pinene (2.11%) > carvacrol (1.53%). Additionally, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol fractions exhibited comparatively high of phenolic and flavonoid contents. These fractions also potently inhibited the DPPH and ABTS free radicals. However, n-hexane, chloroform, and aqueous extracts were shown to provide significant antibacterial, antifungal, and anticholinesterase activities. Hence, T. ammi confirmed to be a rich source of volatiles and phenolics exhibiting significant antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities, and thus, may provide positive health impacts.

中文翻译：

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用色谱法和光谱法评估 Trachyspermum ammi 种子的挥发油、植物化学和生物活性

摘要 Trachyspermum ammi L.（主教的杂草）属于伞形科，用作咖喱的调味品，并因其止泻和驱虫特性而在民间医学中用作泻药。本研究旨在通过同时蒸馏提取 (SDE) 和气相色谱-质谱联用 (GC-MS) 法提取和分析木耳挥发油，并通过傅里叶变换红外 (FT-IR) 法鉴定其主要成分。 ) 和核磁共振 (NMR) 光谱。此外，该研究还通过紫外光谱评估了总酚类和类黄酮含量、抗氧化、抗菌、抗真菌和抗胆碱酯酶活性。在 GC-MS 中观察到的 81 个突出峰中，主要的挥发性风味化合物是百里酚 (50.04%) > γ-萜品烯 (19.13%) > ρ-伞花烃 (18.95%) > β-蒎烯 (2. 11%) > 香芹酚 (1.53%)。此外，乙酸乙酯、丙酮和甲醇馏分的酚类和类黄酮含量相对较高。这些部分还有效地抑制了 DPPH 和 ABTS 自由基。然而，正己烷、氯仿和水提取物显示出显着的抗菌、抗真菌和抗胆碱酯酶活性。因此，T. ammi 证实是挥发物和酚类物质的丰富来源，具有显着的抗氧化和抗胆碱酯酶活性，因此可能对健康产生积极影响。水提取物显示出显着的抗菌、抗真菌和抗胆碱酯酶活性。因此，T. ammi 证实是挥发物和酚类物质的丰富来源，具有显着的抗氧化和抗胆碱酯酶活性，因此可能对健康产生积极影响。水提取物显示出显着的抗菌、抗真菌和抗胆碱酯酶活性。因此，T. ammi 证实是挥发物和酚类物质的丰富来源，具有显着的抗氧化和抗胆碱酯酶活性，因此可能对健康产生积极影响。