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Genetically modified mice to unravel physiological and pathophysiological roles played by NCX isoforms.
Cell Calcium ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-02 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102189
Pasquale Molinaro 1 , Silvia Natale 1 , Angelo Serani 1 , Lucrezia Calabrese 1 , Agnese Secondo 1 , Valentina Tedeschi 1 , Valeria Valsecchi 1 , Anna Pannaccione 1 , Antonella Scorziello 1 , Lucio Annunziato 2
Affiliation  

Since the discovery of the three isoforms of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, NCX1, NCX2 and NCX3 in 1990s, many studies have been devoted to identifying their specific roles in different tissues under several physiological or pathophysiological conditions. In particular, several seminal experimental works laid the foundation for better understanding gene and protein structures, tissue distribution, and regulatory functions of each antiporter isoform. On the other hand, despite the efforts in the development of specific compounds selectively targeting NCX1, NCX2 or NCX3 to test their physiological or pathophysiological roles, several drawbacks hampered the achievement of these goals. In fact, at present no isoform-specific and no selective compounds have been yet identified. Moreover, these compounds, despite their potency, possess some nonspecific actions against other ion antiporters, ion channels, and channel receptors. As a result, it is difficult to discriminate direct effects of inhibition/activation of NCX isoforms from the inhibitory or stimulatory effects exerted on other antiporters, channels, receptors, or enzymes. To overcome these difficulties, some research groups used transgenic, knock-out and knock-in mice for NCX isoforms as the most straightforward and fruitful strategy to characterize the biological role exerted by each single gene of the antiporter. The present review will survey the techniques used to study the roles of NCXs and the current knowledge obtained from these genetic modified mice focusing on the advantages obtained with these strategies in understanding the contribute exerted by each isoform.



中文翻译:

转基因小鼠可揭示NCX亚型所发挥的生理和病理生理作用。

自从发现Na + / Ca 2+的三种同工型作为1990年代的NCX1,NCX2和NCX3交换器,许多研究致力于确定它们在几种生理或病理生理条件下在不同组织中的特定作用。特别是,一些开创性的实验工作为更好地了解每种反转运蛋白同工型的基因和蛋白质结构,组织分布和调节功能奠定了基础。另一方面,尽管努力开发选择性靶向NCX1,NCX2或NCX3的特定化合物以测试其生理或病理生理作用,但仍有一些缺点阻碍了这些目标的实现。实际上,目前尚未鉴定出同工型特异性和选择性的化合物。此外,尽管这些化合物具有强大的效力,但它们对其他离子反转运蛋白,离子通道,和通道受体。结果,难以将NCX同种型的抑制/激活的直接作用与施加于其他反转运蛋白,通道,受体或酶的抑制或刺激作用区分开。为了克服这些困难,一些研究小组使用转基因,敲除和敲入小鼠的NCX亚型作为最直接和最有成果的策略,来表征每个反向转运蛋白基因所发挥的生物学作用。本综述将调查用于研究NCX的作用的技术以及从这些转基因小鼠中获得的当前知识,重点是通过这些策略在了解每种同工型所发挥的作用方面获得的优势。很难将NCX亚型的抑制/激活的直接作用与对其他抗转运蛋白,通道,受体或酶的抑制或刺激作用区分开。为了克服这些困难,一些研究小组使用转基因,敲除和敲入小鼠的NCX亚型作为最直接和最有成果的策略,来表征每个反向转运蛋白基因所发挥的生物学作用。本综述将调查用于研究NCX的作用的技术以及从这些转基因小鼠中获得的当前知识,重点是通过这些策略在了解每种同工型所发挥的作用方面获得的优势。很难将NCX亚型的抑制/激活的直接作用与对其他抗转运蛋白,通道,受体或酶的抑制或刺激作用区分开。为了克服这些困难,一些研究小组使用转基因,敲除和敲入小鼠的NCX亚型作为最直接和最有成果的策略,来表征每个反向转运蛋白基因所发挥的生物学作用。本综述将调查用于研究NCX的作用的技术以及从这些转基因小鼠中获得的当前知识,重点是通过这些策略在了解每种同工型所发挥的作用方面获得的优势。一些研究小组使用转基因,敲除和敲入小鼠的NCX亚型作为最直接和最有成果的策略,来表征每个反向转运蛋白基因所发挥的生物学作用。本综述将调查用于研究NCX的作用的技术以及从这些转基因小鼠中获得的当前知识,重点是通过这些策略在了解每种同工型所发挥的作用方面获得的优势。一些研究小组使用转基因,敲除和敲入小鼠的NCX亚型作为最直接和最有成果的策略,来表征每个反向转运蛋白基因所发挥的生物学作用。本综述将调查用于研究NCX的作用的技术以及从这些转基因小鼠中获得的当前知识,重点是通过这些策略在了解每种同工型所起的作用方面获得的优势。

更新日期:2020-03-02
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