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Polyploidy in gymnosperms - Insights into the genomic and evolutionary consequences of polyploidy in Ephedra.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-02 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106786
Stefanie M Ickert-Bond 1 , Aretuza Sousa 2 , Ya Min 3 , Israel Loera 3 , Jordan Metzgar 4 , Jaume Pellicer 5 , Oriane Hidalgo 6 , Ilia J Leitch 7
Affiliation  

While polyploidization is recognized as a major evolutionary driver for ferns and angiosperms, little is known about its impact in gymnosperms, where polyploidy is much less frequent. We explore Ephedra to evaluate (i) the extent of genome size diversity in the genus and the influence polyploidy has had on the evolution of nuclear DNA contents, and (ii) identify where shifts in genome size and polyploidy have occurred both temporally and spatially. A phylogenetic framework of all Ephedra species together with genome sizes and karyotypes for 87% and 67% of them respectively, were used to explore ploidy evolution and its global distribution patterns. Polyploidy was shown to be extremely common, with 41 species (83%) being polyploid (up to 8×) or having polyploid cytotypes - the highest frequency and level reported for any gymnosperm. Genome size was also diverse, with values ranging ~5-fold (8.09-38.34 pg/1C) - the largest range for any gymnosperm family - and increasing in proportion to ploidy level (i.e. no genome downsizing). Our findings provide novel data which support the view that gymnosperms have a more conserved mode of genomic evolution compared with angiosperms.

中文翻译:

裸子植物中的多倍体-深入了解麻黄中多倍体的基因组和进化结果。

虽然多倍体化被认为是蕨类和被子植物的主要进化驱动力,但对其在裸子植物中的影响知之甚少,而多倍体的发生率要低得多。我们探索麻黄以评估(i)属中基因组大小多样性的程度以及多倍体对核DNA含量演变的影响,以及(ii)确定基因组大小和多倍性在时间和空间上都发生了变化。利用所有麻黄物种的系统发育框架以及分别为87%和67%的基因组大小和核型,来探索倍性进化及其全球分布模式。多倍体被证明是非常普遍的,有41种(83%)是多倍体(最多8倍)或具有多倍体细胞型-这是裸子植物报告的最高频率和水平。基因组大小也各不相同,其值约为5倍(8.09-38.34 pg / 1C)-是任何裸子植物家族的最大范围-且与倍性水平成比例增加(即无基因组缩小)。我们的发现提供了新颖的数据,支持了裸子植物与被子植物相比具有更保守的基因组进化模式的观点。
更新日期:2020-03-02
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