The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest organelle in cells and has fundamental functions, such as folding, processing, and trafficking of proteins, cellular metabolism, and ion storage. To maintain its function, it is turned over constitutively, and even more actively under certain stress conditions. Quality control of the ER is mediated primarily by two pathways: the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy (termed 'ER-phagy'). The identification of ER-phagy adaptor molecules has shed light on the mechanisms and physiological significance of ER-phagy. Here, we describe recent findings on various types of ER-phagy and present unanswered questions related to their mechanism and regulation.

中文翻译：

---

ER-Phagy：内质网的质量控制和周转率。

内质网（ER）是细胞中最大的细胞器，具有基本功能，例如蛋白质的折叠，加工和运输，细胞代谢和离子存储。为了保持其功能，它会在某些压力条件下进行结构性翻转，甚至更主动地翻转。ER的质量控制主要通过两种途径介导：泛素-蛋白酶体系统和自噬（称为“ ER吞噬”）。ER-噬菌体衔接子分子的鉴定揭示了ER-噬菌体的机制和生理意义。在这里，我们描述了有关各种类型的ER吞噬的最新发现，并提出了与它们的机制和调节有关的未解决的问题。