Structural transformation and evolution of active metal sites can occur in metal-catalyzed reactions in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Such structural changes have an important impact on the catalytic behavior, including activity, selectivity, and stability. Aiming to establish a link between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems, this review begins with a discussion on dynamic structural transformations of metal catalysts in homogeneous reactions and the corresponding implications. We then discuss the evolution of isolated metal atoms and clusters in heterogeneous catalysts during catalyst activation and under reaction conditions. Finally, strategies for stabilizing subnanometric metal species on solid supports are presented for potential industrial applications.

活性金属位点的结构转变和演化可在均相和异相系统中的金属催化反应中发生。这种结构变化对催化行为具有重要影响，包括活性，选择性和稳定性。为了在均相和非均相催化体系之间建立联系，本综述首先讨论了均相反应中金属催化剂的动态结构转变及其相应含义。然后，我们讨论了在催化剂活化过程中和在反应条件下，非均相催化剂中孤立的金属原子和簇的演化。最后，提出了用于稳定在固体载体上的亚纳米金属物种的策略，以用于潜在的工业应用。