Empaglifolzin, canagliflozin, and dapagliflozin are SGLT2 (sodium-glucose linked transporter type 2) inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus that also reduce blood pressure, mortality, and cardiovascular disease and slow the loss of glomerular filtration rate. SGLT2 inhibitors inhibit the coupled reabsorption of sodium and glucose from the proximal tubules, thereby increasing renal glucose and sodium excretion, but they have more widespread renal effects, including inhibition of the sodium:proton exchanger. They increase the delivery of sodium to the loop of Henle and can thereby activate the tubuloglomerular feedback response to correct glomerular hyperfiltration. There are multiple potential mechanisms whereby these drugs lower blood pressure and preserve kidney function that are the focus of this review.

中文翻译：

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SGLT2（钠-葡萄糖连接的转运蛋白 2）抑制剂的抗高血压和肾脏机制

Empaglifolzin、canagliflozin 和 dapagliflozin 是 SGLT2（钠-葡萄糖连接的 2 型转运蛋白）抑制剂，用于治疗 2 型糖尿病，还可降低血压、死亡率和心血管疾病，并减缓肾小球滤过率的损失。SGLT2 抑制剂抑制近端小管对钠和葡萄糖的耦合重吸收，从而增加肾脏葡萄糖和钠的排泄，但它们具有更广泛的肾脏作用，包括抑制钠：质子交换剂。它们增加钠向 Henle 环的输送，从而激活肾小球反馈反应以纠正肾小球高滤过。这些药物通过多种潜在机制降低血压和保护肾功能是本综述的重点。