This article reviews the static and dynamic properties of spontaneous superstructures formed by electrons. Representations of such electronic crystals are charge density waves (CDW) and spin density waves in inorganic as well as organic low-dimensional materials. A special attention is paid to the collective effects in pinning and sliding of these superstructures, and the glassy properties at low temperature. Charge order and charge disproportionation which occur in organic materials resulting from correlation effects are analysed. Experiments under magnetic field, and more specifically field-induced CDWs are discussed. Properties of meso- and nanostructures of CDWs are also reviewed.

中文翻译：

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电子晶体：实验概述

本文回顾了由电子形成的自发超结构的静态和动态特性。这种电子晶体的代表是无机和有机低维材料中的电荷密度波 (CDW) 和自旋密度波。特别注意这些上层结构的钉扎和滑动的集体效应，以及低温下的玻璃态特性。分析了由相关效应导致的有机材料中发生的电荷顺序和电荷歧化。讨论了磁场下的实验，更具体地说是场诱导的 CDW。还审查了 CDW 的介观和纳米结构的特性。