The detection of low doses of recombinant growth hormone is a challenge in antidoping testing. Future testing may lead toward the longitudinal monitoring of IGF‐I and P‐III‐NP in an endocrine module. Additional biomarkers, for example vitamin D binding protein, alpha‐HS‐glycoprotein, fibronectin 1, and decorin have been identified in different omics studies. This was a longitudinal study of the usefulness of these putative biomarkers in relation to 2 weeks administration of low doses of recombinant growth hormone in healthy male volunteers. Moreover, the hematological parameters included in the athlete biological passport were studied as well as the serum concentration of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Fibronectin 1 increased by 20% during the treatment period (P ˂ 0.05), confirming the previous finding. Alpha‐HS‐glycoprotein decreased by 25% up to 3 weeks after treatment (P ˂ 0.05), contradicting previous results. The addition of fibronectin 1 increased the likelihood of detecting recombinant growth hormone intake based on individual calculated thresholds in some of the participants compared with the GH2000, IGF‐I, and P‐III‐NP. The multiplication of fibronectin 1 concentration by IGF‐I resulted in the most profound (up to 4‐fold) changes. A minor 15% increase (P = 0.003) in the reticulocyte percentage was observed, but the changes did not lead to any atypical profile based on individual passport thresholds. Vitamin D binding protein, decorin, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone were not affected by growth hormone. Dihydrotestosterone sulfate was negatively correlated with IGF‐I at baseline (R = –0.50, P = 0.003) and post dose (R = –0.59, P = 0.01). In conclusion, fibronectin 1 was verified as a promising future biomarker for detecting low doses of recombinant growth hormone.

中文翻译：

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与人类重组GH给药2周相关的推定生长激素（GH）生物标志物以及血液学和甾体参数的纵向研究。

低剂量的重组生长激素的检测是反掺杂测试中的一个挑战。未来的测试可能会导致对内分泌模块中的IGF-I和P-III-NP进行纵向监测。在不同的组学研究中，还发现了其他生物标志物，例如维生素D结合蛋白，α-HS-糖蛋白，纤连蛋白1和除蛋白。这是对这些假定的生物标志物与健康男性志愿者中低剂量的重组生长激素2周给药有关的有用性的纵向研究。此外，还研究了运动员生物护照中包括的血液学参数以及睾丸激素和二氢睾丸激素的血清浓度。在治疗期间，纤连蛋白1增加了20％（P˂0.05），证实先前的发现。α-HS-糖蛋白处理（后下降25％达3周P ˂0.05），矛盾以前的结果。与GH2000，IGF-I和P-III-NP相比，添加纤连蛋白1增加了根据某些参与者的个体计算阈值检测重组生长激素摄入的可能性。纤维连接蛋白1浓度乘以IGF-I导致最深刻的变化（最多4倍）。轻微增加15％（P= 0.003）观察到网织红细胞百分比，但根据个人护照阈值的变化，未导致任何非典型特征。维生素D结合蛋白，核心蛋白聚糖，睾丸激素和二氢睾丸激素不受生长激素的影响。硫酸二氢睾酮与基线时（R = –0.50，P = 0.003）和给药后（R = –0.59，P = 0.01）的IGF-1呈负相关。总之，纤连蛋白1被证实是检测低剂量重组生长激素的有前途的未来生物标志物。