A diagnosis of alcohol use disorder is associated with a higher risk of dementia but a dose-response relationship between alcohol intake consumption and cognitive impairment remains unclear. Alcohol is associated with a range of effects on the central nervous system at different doses and acts on a number of receptors. Acute disorders include Wernicke's Encephalopathy (WE), traumatic brain injury, blackouts, seizures, stroke and hepatic encephalopathy. The most common manifestations of chronic alcohol consumption are Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) and alcohol-related dementia (ARD). There is limited evidence for benefit from memantine in the treatment of ARD, but stronger evidence for the use of high dose parenteral thiamine in the progression of neuropsychiatric symptoms for WE. Accumulating evidence exists for pharmacological treatment in the prevention of hepatic encephalopathy. Rehabilitation of people with ARD may take several years and requires an approach that addresses physical and psychosocial factors.

中文翻译：

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酒精使用障碍和大脑

酒精使用障碍的诊断与更高的痴呆风险相关，但酒精摄入量与认知障碍之间的剂量反应关系仍不清楚。酒精会在不同剂量下对中枢神经系统产生一系列影响，并作用于多种受体。急性疾病包括韦尼克脑病 (WE)、创伤性脑损伤、停电、癫痫、中风和肝性脑病。慢性饮酒最常见的表现是科尔萨科夫综合征 (KS) 和酒精相关性痴呆 (ARD)。美金刚对 ARD 治疗有益的证据有限，但更有力的证据表明在 WE 的神经精神症状进展中使用高剂量胃肠外硫胺素。越来越多的证据表明药物治疗可以预防肝性脑病。ARD 患者的康复可能需要数年时间，并且需要一种解决身体和社会心理因素的方法。