Elevated nitrate (NO3 ) and sulfate (SO4 ) in surface water are of global concern, and studies are needed to generate toxicity data to develop environmental guideline values for NO3 and SO4 . The present study was designed to fill existing gaps in toxicity databases by determining the acute and/or chronic toxicity of NO3 (tested as NaNO3 ) to a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea), a midge (Chironomus dilutus), a fish (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss), and 2 amphibians (Hyla versicolor and Lithobates sylvaticus), and to determine the acute and/or chronic toxicity of SO4 (tested as Na2 SO4 ) to 2 unionid mussels (L. siliquoidea and Villosa iris), an amphipod (Hyalella azteca), and 2 fish species (fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas and O. mykiss). Among the different test species, acute NO3 median effect concentrations (EC50s) ranged from 189 to >883 mg NO3 -N/L, and chronic NO3 20% effect concentrations (EC20s) based on the most sensitive endpoint ranged from 9.6 to 47 mg NO3 -N/L. The midge was the most sensitive species, and the trout was the least sensitive species in both acute and chronic NO3 exposures. Acute SO4 EC50s for the 2 mussel species (2071 and 2064 mg SO4 /L) were similar to the EC50 for the amphipod (2689 mg SO4 /L), whereas chronic EC20s for the 2 mussels (438 and 384 mg SO4 /L) were >2-fold lower than the EC20 of the amphipod (1111 mg SO4 /L), indicating the high sensitivity of mussels in chronic SO4 exposures. However, the fathead minnow, with an EC20 of 374 mg SO4 /L, was the most sensitive species in chronic SO4 exposures whereas the rainbow trout was the least sensitive species (EC20 > 3240 mg SO4 /L). The high sensitivity of fathead minnow was consistent with the finding in a previous chronic Na2 SO4 study. However, the EC20 values from the present study conducted in test water containing a higher potassium concentration (3 mg K/L) were >2-fold greater than those in the previous study at a lower potassium concentration (1 mg K/L), which confirmed the influence of potassium on chronic Na2 SO4 toxicity to the minnow. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1071-1085. © 2020 SETAC.

中文翻译：

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在纯水暴露条件下，硝酸钠和硫酸钠对几种淡水生物的急性和慢性毒性。

地表水中的硝酸盐（NO3）和硫酸盐（SO4）升高是全球关注的问题，需要进行研究以产生毒性数据，以制定关于NO3和SO4的环境准则值。本研究旨在通过确定NO3（经测试为NaNO3）对union类贻贝（Lampsilis siliquoidea），mid（Chironomus dilutus），鱼类（虹鳟鱼， Oncorhynchus mykiss）和2个两栖动物（Hyla versicolor和Lithobates sylvaticus），并确定SO4（经Na2 SO4测试）对2个两栖类贻贝（L. siliquoidea和Villosa虹膜），两足动物（Hyalella的急性和/或慢性毒性） azteca）和2种鱼类（at头min鱼，Pimephales promelas和O. mykiss）。在不同的测试物种中，急性NO3中值效应浓度（EC50s）为189至> 883 mg NO3-N / L，基于最敏感终点的慢性NO3 20％效应物浓度（EC20s）为9.6至47 mg NO3-N / L。在急性和慢性NO3暴露中，蚊是最敏感的物种，而鳟鱼是最不敏感的物种。两种贻贝物种的急性SO4 EC50（2071和2064 mg SO4 / L）与两栖类动物的EC50（2689 mg SO4 / L）相似，而两种贻贝的慢性EC20（438和384 mg SO4 / L）则为50％。比两栖类动物的EC20低11毫克/升（EC20）2倍以上，表明贻贝在慢性SO4暴露中具有很高的敏感性。然而，the鱼min鱼的EC20为374 mg SO4 / L，是慢性SO4暴露中最敏感的物种，而虹鳟鱼则是最不敏感的物种（EC20> 3240 mg SO4 / L）。head鱼min鱼的高敏感性与先前的长期Na2 SO4研究中的发现一致。但是，在钾浓度较低（3 mg K / L）的试验水中进行的本研究中的EC20值比钾浓度较低（1 mg K / L）的先前研究中的EC20值大2倍以上，这证实了钾对Na鱼的慢性Na2 SO4毒性的影响。Environ Toxicol Chem 2020； 39：1071-1085。©2020 SETAC。这证实了钾对Na鱼的慢性Na2 SO4毒性的影响。Environ Toxicol Chem 2020； 39：1071-1085。©2020 SETAC。这证实了钾对Na鱼的慢性Na2 SO4毒性的影响。Environ Toxicol Chem 2020； 39：1071-1085。©2020 SETAC。