Abstract Understanding the grain macronutrient uptake requirements with increased grain yield is essential to optimize the irrigation and fertilizer management for high-yield and high-quality wheat production to meet the increasing future food demand. A three-season control experiment was conducted on drip-fertigated winter wheat to investigate the dynamic changes in concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) under varying water and fertilizer supply regimes. The results showed that the grain N concentration firstly decreased and then increased during grain filling. Specifically, it firstly increased and then decreased with the increase in fertilization rate, while it firstly decreased and then increased with increasing irrigation rate. The average of grain P concentration decreased with the increase in irrigation and fertilization rates. The grain K concentration showed a slow decline trend at the initial grain-filling stage until reaching a stable value at the mid-filling stage, and it increased with the increase in fertilization rate. Grain NPK uptake at maturity increased with increasing fertilization rate under normal irrigation, while the mild water deficit was found to promote grain NPK uptake. Grain yield and grain N concentration exhibited a positive relationship, and both irrigation and fertilization had significant effects on grain yield and NPK uptake. The grain protein content and N:P ratio were mainly affected by fertilization. The mild water deficit and appropriate fertilization rate improved the grain NPK uptake and production of winter wheat with higher grain protein content, which was conducive to the development of water- and fertilizer-saving agriculture.

中文翻译：

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不同滴灌施肥条件下冬小麦籽粒常量营养素（N、P、K）浓度的动态变化及积累

摘要 了解谷物产量增加对谷物常量营养素吸收的需求对于优化灌溉和肥料管理以实现高产优质小麦生产以满足未来日益增长的粮食需求至关重要。对滴灌冬小麦进行了三季对照试验，研究了不同水肥供给方式下氮（N）、磷（P）和钾（K）浓度的动态变化。结果表明，籽粒N浓度在灌浆过程中先降低后升高。具体而言,随着施肥量的增加先增加后减少,随着灌溉量的增加先减少后增加。籽粒磷浓度平均值随着灌溉施肥量的增加而降低。籽粒K浓度在灌浆初期呈缓慢下降趋势，直至灌浆中期达到稳定值，并随着施肥量的增加而升高。在正常灌溉条件下，随着施肥率的增加，成熟时的谷物 NPK 吸收增加，而轻度缺水促进了谷物 NPK 的吸收。籽粒产量与籽粒氮浓度呈正相关，灌溉和施肥均对籽粒产量和氮磷钾吸收有显着影响。籽粒蛋白质含量和氮磷比主要受施肥影响。