Abstract Pinus pinea is a Mediterranean species that has been found to grow and develop vigorously in Chile. This species is resistant to drought; however, it has been found to be sensitive to increasing aridity. A few studies have reported the effects of irrigation and fertilization on growth, but no detailed studies have considered the effects of both management techniques to improve growth stability. In this work, daily stem diameter variations (SDVs) in stone pine were monitored for a whole growth year using digital dendrometers in a 31-year-old plantation in Chile. Four management practices were assessed as tools to boost growth: fertilization, irrigation, their combination, and control. Daily growth series showed a marked synchronicity among trees of different management schemes. The combined treatment (fertilization and irrigation) resulted in a 25% longer growing period and greater growth than the control. During the fastest stem growth period, daily diameter increments were, on average, 0.06 mm for fertilized and irrigated trees, and 0.02 mm for control trees. Significant correlations between the standardized SDVs and series of climate variables were found, showing that untreated trees had the highest sensitivity to extreme temperature, rainfall, and potential evapotranspiration. Variability in daily stem diameter growth of fertilized and irrigated trees was correlated only to minimum temperature. The results highlight the importance of fertilization and irrigation in stone pine plantations to enhance diameter growth and reduce variability due to the sensitivity to environmental conditions.

中文翻译：

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灌溉和施肥作为促进石松 (Pinus pinea L.) 种植园生长稳定性的工具

摘要 Pinus pinea 是一种地中海植物，已在智利发现生长旺盛。该物种耐旱；然而，人们发现它对日益增加的干旱很敏感。一些研究报告了灌溉和施肥对生长的影响，但没有详细的研究考虑这两种管理技术对提高生长稳定性的影响。在这项工作中，在智利 31 年历史的种植园中，使用数字测树仪监测了整个生长年中石松的每日茎直径变化 (SDV)。四种管理实践被评估为促进生长的工具：施肥、灌溉、它们的组合和控制。日生长序列在不同管理方案的树木之间表现出明显的同步性。联合处理（施肥和灌溉）导致生长期比对照长 25%，生长速度更快。在茎生长最快的时期，施肥和灌溉树木的日直径增量平均为 0.06 毫米，对照树木为 0.02 毫米。发现标准化 SDV 与一系列气候变量之间存在显着相关性，表明未经处理的树木对极端温度、降雨和潜在蒸发量的敏感性最高。受精和灌溉树木的每日茎干直径增长的变异性仅与最低温度相关。结果强调了在石松种植园施肥和灌溉的重要性，以提高直径增长并减少由于对环境条件的敏感性而引起的可变性。