Nanomedicines have been developing very rapidly and have started to play a significant role in several cancer therapeutic modalities. Early on, nanomedicine field focused on optimizing pharmacokinetics, toxicity, or biodistribution of an agent through nanoparticle formulation. In other cases, where materials science is employed more decisively, nanomedicine can include the creation of new agents that take advantage of nanoscale materials properties to enhance treatment efficacy through unique mode of action, molecular targeting, or controlled drug release. Both current and future nanomedicines will seek to contribute to the therapeutic and diagnostic landscape through creative leveraging of mechanical, electrical, optical, magnetic, and biological nanomaterial properties. In this work, we discuss how by modulating these material properties, one can design more diverse and more effective cancer interventions. We focus on six areas in cancer management, including in vitro diagnostics, clinical imaging, theranostics, combination therapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy.

纳米药物发展非常迅速，并开始在多种癌症治疗方式中发挥重要作用。早期，纳米医学领域专注于通过纳米颗粒制剂优化药物的药代动力学、毒性或生物分布。在其他情况下，如果更果断地采用材料科学，纳米医学可以包括利用纳米级材料特性来创建新药剂，通过独特的作用模式、分子靶向或控制药物释放来增强治疗效果。当前和未来的纳米医学都将寻求通过创造性地利用机械、电、光、磁和生物纳米材料特性来为治疗和诊断领域做出贡献。在这项工作中，我们讨论如何通过调节这些材料特性来设计更多样化、更有效的癌症干预措施。我们专注于癌症管理的六个领域，包括体外诊断、临床成像、治疗诊断、联合治疗、免疫治疗和基因治疗。