Nanomedicines have been developing very rapidly and have started to play a significant role in several cancer therapeutic modalities. Early on, nanomedicine field focused on optimizing pharmacokinetics, toxicity, or biodistribution of an agent through nanoparticle formulation. In other cases, where materials science is employed more decisively, nanomedicine can include the creation of new agents that take advantage of nanoscale materials properties to enhance treatment efficacy through unique mode of action, molecular targeting, or controlled drug release. Both current and future nanomedicines will seek to contribute to the therapeutic and diagnostic landscape through creative leveraging of mechanical, electrical, optical, magnetic, and biological nanomaterial properties. In this work, we discuss how by modulating these material properties, one can design more diverse and more effective cancer interventions. We focus on six areas in cancer management, including in vitro diagnostics, clinical imaging, theranostics, combination therapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy.

纳米药物发展非常迅速，并已开始在几种癌症治疗方式中发挥重要作用。早期，纳米医学领域致力于通过纳米颗粒制剂优化药物的药代动力学，毒性或生物分布。在其他情况下，在决定性地采用材料科学的情况下，纳米医学可以包括利用纳米材料的特性通过独特的作用方式，分子靶向或控制药物释放来增强治疗效果的新型药物的创建。当前和未来的纳米药物都将寻求通过创造性地利用机械，电，光，磁和生物纳米材料的特性，为治疗和诊断领域做出贡献。在这项工作中，我们将讨论如何通过调制这些材料特性，一个人可以设计出更多样化，更有效的癌症干预措施。我们专注于癌症管理的六个领域，包括体外诊断，临床成像，治疗学，联合治疗，免疫治疗和基因治疗。