Abstract It is well known that the gut microbiota plays an extremely important role in modulating host physiological functions such as immunity and metabolic homeostasis. In recent years, accumulated evidence has revealed that the gut microbiota can regulate the functions of the central nervous system (CNS) through the gut–brain axis, which provides a novel insight into the interactions between the gut and brain. This review focuses on the molecular mechanism of the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the brain via the gut–brain axis, and on the onset and development of neurological disorders triggered by gut microbiota dysbiosis. These topics are followed by a critical analysis of potential intervention strategies targeting gut microbiota dysbiosis, including the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and diets. While research on the microbiota–gut–brain axis is still in its relative infancy, clarifying the molecular mechanism that underlies how the gut microbiota regulates neurological functions not only holds the promise of revealing potentially novel pathogeneses of neurological disorders, but also may lead to the development of potential diagnosis biomarkers and intervention strategies targeting microbiota dysbiosis for neurological disorders.

中文翻译：

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针对肠道微生物群失调：神经系统疾病的潜在干预策略

摘要 众所周知，肠道菌群在调节宿主的免疫和代谢稳态等生理功能中起着极其重要的作用。近年来，积累的证据表明肠道微生物群可以通过肠-脑轴调节中枢神经系统（CNS）的功能，这为肠道和大脑之间的相互作用提供了新的见解。本综述重点关注肠道微生物群与大脑之间通过肠脑轴串扰的分子机制，以及由肠道微生物群失调引发的神经系统疾病的发生和发展。这些主题之后是针对肠道微生物群失调的潜在干预策略的批判性分析，包括益生菌、益生元、合生元和饮食的使用。