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Enhanced micronutrient supplementation in low marine diets reduced vertebral malformation in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr, and increased vertebral expression of bone biomarker genes in diploids
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-25 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110327
Luisa M. Vera , Erik-Jan Lock , Kristen Hamre , Herve Migaud , Daniel Leeming , Douglas R. Tocher , John F. Taylor

Previously we showed that, for optimum growth, micronutrient levels should be supplemented above current National Research Council (2011) recommendations for Atlantic salmon when they are fed diets formulated with low levels of marine ingredients. In the present study, the impact of graded levels (100, 200, 400%) of a micronutrient package (NP) on vertebral deformities and bone gene expression were determined in diploid and triploid salmon parr fed low marine diets. The prevalence of radiologically detectable spinal deformities decreased with increasing micronutrient supplementation in both ploidy. On average, triploids had a higher incidence of spinal deformity than diploids within a given diet. Micronutrient supplementation particularly reduced prevalence of fusion deformities in diploids and compression and reduced spacing deformities in triploids. Prevalence of affected vertebrae within each spinal region (cranial, caudal, tail and tail fin) varied significantly between diet and ploidy, and there was interaction. Prevalence of deformities was greatest in the caudal region of triploids and the impact of graded micronutrient supplementation in reducing deformities also greatest in triploids. Diet affected vertebral morphology with length:height (L:H) ratio generally increasing with level of micronutrient supplementation in both ploidy with no difference between ploidy. Increased dietary micronutrients level in diploid salmon increased the vertebral expression of several bone biomarker genes including bone morphogenetic protein 2 (bmp2), osteocalcin (ostcn), alkaline phosphatase (alp), matrix metallopeptidase 13 (mmp13), osteopontin (opn) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (igf1r). In contrast, although some genes showed similar trends in triploids, vertebral gene expression was not significantly affected by dietary micronutrients level. The study confirmed earlier indications that dietary micronutrient levels should be increased in salmon fed diets with low marine ingredients and that there are differences in nutritional requirements between ploidies.



中文翻译:

在低海洋饮食中增强微量营养素的添加减少了二倍体和三倍体大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)parr的椎骨畸形,并增加了二倍体中骨生物标志物基因的椎骨表达

先前我们表明,为获得最佳生长,当饲喂低含量海洋成分的饲料时,微量营养素含量应高于目前国家研究委员会(2011)针对大西洋鲑鱼的建议。在本研究中,确定了在低海洋饮食的二倍体和三倍体鲑鱼幼体中,微量营养素包(NP)的分级水平(100、200、400%)对椎骨畸形和骨骼基因表达的影响。放射学上可检测到的脊柱畸形的患病率随着两种倍性体中微量营养素补充的增加而降低。平均而言,在给定饮食中三倍体的脊柱畸形发生率高于二倍体。补充微量营养素尤其可以减少二倍体中融合畸形和压缩的发生率,并减少三倍体中间距畸变的发生。在饮食和倍性之间,每个脊柱区域(颅,尾,尾鳍和尾鳍)内椎骨的患病率差异很大,并且存在相互作用。在三倍体的尾部畸形的患病率最大,而在三倍体中分级补充微量营养素对减少畸形的影响也最大。饮食影响的椎体形态,长,高(L:H)的比例通常在两种倍体中都随着微量营养素补充水平的增加而增加,而倍体之间没有差异。二倍体鲑鱼中饮食微量营养素水平的提高,增加了包括骨形态发生蛋白2(在饮食和倍性之间,每个脊柱区域(颅,尾,尾鳍和尾鳍)内椎骨的患病率差异很大,并且存在相互作用。在三倍体的尾部畸形的患病率最大,而在三倍体中分级补充微量营养素对减少畸形的影响也最大。饮食影响的椎体形态,长,高(L:H)的比例通常在两种倍体中都随着微量营养素补充水平的增加而增加,而倍体之间没有差异。二倍体鲑鱼中饮食微量营养素水平的提高,增加了包括骨形态发生蛋白2(在饮食和倍性之间,每个脊柱区域(颅,尾,尾鳍和尾鳍)内椎骨的患病率差异很大,并且存在相互作用。在三倍体的尾部畸形的患病率最大,而在三倍体中分级补充微量营养素对减少畸形的影响也最大。饮食影响的椎体形态,长,高(L:H)的比例通常在两种倍体中都随着微量营养素补充水平的增加而增加,而倍体之间没有差异。二倍体鲑鱼中饮食微量营养素水平的提高,增加了包括骨形态发生蛋白2(在三倍体的尾部畸形的患病率最大,而在三倍体中分级补充微量营养素对减少畸形的影响也最大。饮食影响的椎体形态,长,高(L:H)的比例通常在两种倍体中都随着微量营养素补充水平的增加而增加,而倍体之间没有差异。二倍体鲑鱼中饮食微量营养素水平的提高,增加了包括骨形态发生蛋白2(在三倍体的尾部畸形的患病率最大,而在三倍体中分级补充微量营养素对减少畸形的影响也最大。饮食影响的椎体形态,长,高(L:H)的比例通常在两种倍体中都随着微量营养素补充水平的增加而增加,而倍体之间没有差异。二倍体鲑鱼中饮食微量营养素水平的提高,增加了包括骨形态发生蛋白2(H)比率通常在两个倍性中都随着微量营养素补充水平的增加而增加,而倍性之间没有差异。二倍体鲑鱼中饮食微量营养素水平的提高,增加了包括骨形态发生蛋白2(H)比率通常在两个倍性中都随着微量营养素补充水平的增加而增加,而倍性之间没有差异。二倍体鲑鱼中饮食微量营养素水平的提高,增加了包括骨形态发生蛋白2(bmp2),骨钙蛋白(ostcn碱性磷酸酶(alp),基质金属肽酶13(mmp13骨桥蛋白(opn)和胰岛素样生长因子1受体(igf1r)。相反,尽管某些基因在三倍体上显示出相似的趋势,但是椎体基因表达不受饮食微量营养素水平的显着影响。该研究证实了较早的迹象,即在海洋成分较低的鲑鱼饲喂日粮中应增加饮食中的微量营养素水平,并且倍性之间的营养需求存在差异。

更新日期:2019-08-25
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