Access to enough clean and safe water requires improvement over the current state of filtration technology. Membrane technology is one of the best tools for removing dissolved matters and/or particulates during the cleaning process, but some unavoidable intrinsic properties, like flux decline and fouling, reduce the membrane life, stability and separation capacity. To improve membrane performances, researchers reported the significant role played by associating nanoparticles to membrane polymers. Nanoparticles create a path in the membrane for selective water permeation and pose a barrier for undesired matters. There are two different methods for incorporating nanoparticles in membranes: (i) adding nanoparticles to the polymeric matrix and (ii) depositing nanoparticles on the membrane surface. The deposition/coating of nanoparticles on the membrane surface allows opportunities for water/wastewater treatment. In this review, focus has been given to the development of different nanoparticle-deposited membranes and their possible applications to large-scale water purification processes, where antifouling, permeate quality and self-cleaning properties are required.

获得足够的清洁和安全水需要对当前过滤技术水平进行改进。膜技术是在清洁过程中去除溶解物和/或微粒的最佳工具之一，但某些不可避免的固有特性（例如通量下降和结垢）会缩短膜寿命，稳定性和分离能力。为了提高膜的性能，研究人员报告了将纳米颗粒与膜聚合物缔合所起的重要作用。纳米颗粒在膜中形成一条路径，使水选择性渗透，并为不希望的物质提供屏障。有两种不同的方法可将纳米颗粒结合到膜中：（i）将纳米颗粒添加到聚合物基质中和（ii）将纳米颗粒沉积在膜表面上。纳米颗粒在膜表面上的沉积/涂层为水/废水处理提供了机会。在这篇综述中，重点放在了不同的纳米颗粒沉积膜的开发及其在需要防污，渗透质量和自洁性能的大规模水净化过程中的可能应用上。