This paper describes the processes used at the Fukushima Daiichi plant, Japan, to purify the waste effluents generated in the cooling of damaged reactors. These include primary cesium removal with the Kurion zeolite system and the SARRY system utilizing silicotitanate to remove radiocesium from water recirculated to reactors for cooling. Another process is the ALPS system to purify the retentates of the reverse osmosis plant to further purify the water from radionuclides after primary cesium separation. In ALPS, a major role is played by the transition metal hexacyanoferrate product CsTreat and sodium titanate SrTreat in the removal of radiocesium and radiostrontium, respectively. The performance of these four exchangers (zeolite, silicotitanate, hexacyanoferrate, and sodium titanate) is critically analyzed with respect to processing capacities and the decontamination factors obtained in the processes. Furthermore, general information on preparation, structure and ion exchange of these ion-exchanger categories is given with additional information on their use in nuclear waste effluent treatment processes. Finally, the importance of selectivity and associated factors are discussed.

本文介绍了日本福岛第一核电站在净化受损反应堆冷却过程中产生的废水所使用的工艺。这些措施包括使用Kurion沸石系统​​进行初次铯去除，以及利用硅钛酸盐从循环到反应器进行冷却的水中去除放射性铯的SARRY系统。另一个过程是ALPS系统，用于纯化反渗透植物的截留物，以在初次铯分离后进一步从放射性核素中纯化水。在ALPS中，过渡金属六氰合铁酸盐产物CsTreat和钛酸钠SrTreat在清除铯和放射性锶方面分别起着主要作用。这四种交换剂（沸石，硅钛酸盐，六氰合铁酸盐，和钛酸钠）进行严格分析，涉及处理能力和工艺中获得的去污因子。此外，还提供了有关这些离子交换剂类别的制备，结构和离子交换的一般信息，以及有关它们在核废料废水处理过程中的用途的其他信息。最后，讨论了选择性和相关因素的重要性。