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A Study of the Electrophilic Aroylation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrroles: An Improved Preparation of an Active and Selective Aldose Reductase Inhibitor
Organic Preparations and Procedures International ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-04 , DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2019.1577109
Nikolaos Kontonikas 1 , Panagiota Kotsampasakou 1 , Nikolaos Sakalis 1 , Vassilis J. Demopoulos 1
Affiliation  

The aroyl-1-aryl-1H-pyrrole moiety is an important scaffold present in a number of biologically active compounds. Based on such precedent, we were prompted to study the electrophilic benzoylation of 1-phenyl-1H-pyrrole (1). We sought to develop an appropriate methodology for the selective preparation of 1-aryl-1H-pyrrolyl derivatives with aroyl substituents at the underexplored pyrrolyl C-a position. The new methodology described herein was applied to prepare the known active and selective aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) ([1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl)[1-(3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1Hpyrrol-2-yl]methanone (2). We have previously prepared compound 2, however in low yield and not selectively. Thus, in the present work we improve our own methodology. Initially, the AlCl3 catalyzed reaction of 1 with benzoyl chloride was investigated by varying the ratio of reactants and by adding nitromethane (Table 1, entries 1–3). In all cases, the main product was the C-b substituted pyrrolyl derivative 3. We noted, however, that the addition of nitromethane resulted in the formation of small amounts of the C-a isomer 4. Subsequently, the AlCl3 was replaced with the weaker Lewis acids Et2AlCl 7 or BF3 OEt2 (Table 1, entries 4 and 5). In the first case, the reaction was clean and both isomers were formed in good yields, with the higher yield that of the Cb isomer 3. On the other hand, BF3 OEt2 proved to be an ineffective catalyst; only traces of products were formed, and a substantial amount of the pyrrolyl starting material remained unreacted even after seven days. Finally, the reaction of 1 with benzoyl chloride was studied in the presence of DBN, Zn, or I, without any added Lewis acid catalyst. With the first two methods, no reaction was observed; but the use of I resulted in the selective formation of the C-a isomer 4. We found out that the best yield was obtained with the combination of CH3CN as the solvent and KI as the catalyst (Table 1, entry 6). All compounds were isolated by flash column chromatography, and the solids were further recrystallized. Structural identification was based on spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR and HRMS). The data show that the most selective procedure for C-a substitution is the one with CH3CN and KI. Thus, we went on to investigate selective preparation of the

中文翻译:

1-Aryl-1H-pyrroles 亲电芳酰化的研究:活性和选择性醛糖还原酶抑制剂的改进制备

芳酰基-1-芳基-1H-吡咯部分是存在于许多生物活性化合物中的重要支架。基于这样的先例,我们被提示研究 1-苯基-1H-吡咯的亲电子苯甲酰化 (1)。我们试图开发一种合适的方法来选择性制备在未充分探索的吡咯基 Ca 位置具有芳酰基取代基的 1-芳基-1H-吡咯基衍生物。本文所述的新方法用于制备已知的活性和选择性醛糖还原酶抑制剂 (ARI) ([1,1'-联苯]-4-yl)[1-(3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1Hpyrrol -2-基]甲酮 (2)。我们之前已经制备了化合物 2,但是收率低且没有选择性。因此,在目前的工作中,我们改进了我们自己的方法论。原来,通过改变反应物的比例和添加硝基甲烷来研究 AlCl3 催化 1 与苯甲酰氯的反应(表 1,条目 1-3)。在所有情况下,主要产物是 Cb 取代的吡咯基衍生物 3。然而,我们注意到,硝基甲烷的加入导致形成少量 Ca 异构体 4。随后,AlCl3 被较弱的路易斯酸 Et2AlCl 取代7 或 BF3 OEt2(表 1,条目 4 和 5)。在第一种情况下,反应是干净的,两种异构体都以良好的收率形成,Cb 异构体 3 的收率更高。另一方面,BF3 OEt2 被证明是一种无效的催化剂;仅形成痕量产物,甚至在 7 天后仍有大量吡咯基原料未反应。最后,在 DBN、Zn 或 I 存在下研究了 1 与苯甲酰氯的反应,没有添加任何路易斯酸催化剂。使用前两种方法,没有观察到反应;但使用 I 导致选择性形成 Ca 异构体 4。我们发现,将 CH3CN 作为溶剂和 KI 作为催化剂的组合获得最佳产率(表 1,条目 6)。通过快速柱色谱分离所有化合物,并进一步重结晶固体。结构鉴定基于光谱方法(IR、NMR 和 HRMS)。数据表明,对 Ca 取代最具选择性的方法是用 CH3CN 和 KI 的方法。因此,我们继续研究选择性制备 没有观察到反应;但使用 I 导致选择性形成 Ca 异构体 4。我们发现,将 CH3CN 作为溶剂和 KI 作为催化剂的组合获得最佳产率(表 1,条目 6)。通过快速柱色谱分离所有化合物,并进一步重结晶固体。结构鉴定基于光谱方法(IR、NMR 和 HRMS)。数据表明,对 Ca 取代最具选择性的方法是用 CH3CN 和 KI 的方法。因此,我们继续研究选择性制备 没有观察到反应;但使用 I 导致选择性形成 Ca 异构体 4。我们发现,将 CH3CN 作为溶剂和 KI 作为催化剂的组合获得最佳产率(表 1,条目 6)。通过快速柱色谱分离所有化合物,并进一步重结晶固体。结构鉴定基于光谱方法(IR、NMR 和 HRMS)。数据表明,对 Ca 取代最具选择性的方法是用 CH3CN 和 KI 的方法。因此,我们继续研究选择性制备 固体进一步重结晶。结构鉴定基于光谱方法(IR、NMR 和 HRMS)。数据表明,对 Ca 取代最具选择性的方法是用 CH3CN 和 KI 的方法。因此,我们继续研究选择性制备 固体进一步重结晶。结构鉴定基于光谱方法(IR、NMR 和 HRMS)。数据表明,对 Ca 取代最具选择性的方法是用 CH3CN 和 KI 的方法。因此,我们继续研究选择性制备
更新日期:2019-03-04
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