Abstract Bubble bursting at the liquid surface can generate the jet drops and satellite bubbles, which is widely encountered in boiling, ocean engineering, bioengineering etc. This process is affected by quite a few parameters, such as surface capillarity, gravity, temperature, density, viscosity and bubble size. In this paper, the axisymmetric numerical model with level set method is built up to study the bubble bursting process. It is found that the bubble bursting process can be analyzed through the capillary wave propagation in terms of the tangential angle along the gas-liquid interface. The capillary wave propagation method can describe well the effect of Ohnesorge number, Marangoni number, density and viscosity ratios of gas over liquid on the bubble bursting. The critical Ohnesorge number for jet drop formation during bubble bursting with negligible gravity, gas inertia and viscosity is around 0.045, and it will decrease dramatically with increasing ratios of gas density or viscosity over liquid. The jet formation during bubble bursting can be suppressed by applying the negative temperature gradient across the bubble, or by increasing density and viscosity ratio of gas over liquid, mainly because they can damp the capillary waves. These findings may help get insight in the bubble bursting when the gas properties are transiting towards the liquid under pressurized atmosphere.

中文翻译：

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波传播引起液面气泡破裂的数值分析

摘要 液体表面的气泡破裂会产生喷射液滴和卫星气泡，这在沸腾、海洋工程、生物工程等领域中广泛遇到。这个过程受很多参数的影响，如表面毛细管、重力、温度、密度、粘度和气泡大小。本文采用水平集方法建立轴对称数值模型来研究气泡破裂过程。发现可以通过毛细管波沿气液界面的切向角传播来分析气泡的破裂过程。毛细管波传播方法可以很好地描述Ohnesorge数、Marangoni数、气液密度比对气泡破裂的影响。在重力、气体惯性和粘度可忽略不计的情况下，气泡破裂过程中喷射液滴形成的临界 Ohnesorge 数约为 0.045，并且随着气体密度或粘度与液体的比率的增加，它会急剧下降。通过在气泡上施加负温度梯度，或通过增加气体与液体的密度和粘度比，可以抑制气泡破裂期间的射流形成，主要是因为它们可以抑制毛细波。这些发现可能有助于深入了解当气体特性在加压大气下向液体过渡时气泡的破裂。通过在气泡上施加负温度梯度，或通过增加气体与液体的密度和粘度比，可以抑制气泡破裂期间的射流形成，主要是因为它们可以抑制毛细波。这些发现可能有助于深入了解当气体特性在加压大气下向液体过渡时气泡的破裂。通过在气泡上施加负温度梯度，或通过增加气体与液体的密度和粘度比，可以抑制气泡破裂期间的射流形成，主要是因为它们可以抑制毛细波。这些发现可能有助于深入了解当气体特性在加压大气下向液体过渡时气泡的破裂。