Abstract The spatial overlap between large landscape conservation designs and existing land protections is not always clear, especially in regions where private ownerships and small parcel sizes are typical. In this case study, we used geospatial analyses to compare a new state-level conservation design, Vermont Conservation Design, with formally protected lands in Vermont, USA. We found that roughly one third of the design's highest priority landscape-level targets have already been met through formal land protections. Public agencies are the primary interest holders for a majority of protected highest priority interior forest block and connectivity block targets. Conversely, private nonprofits play an important role as the dominant interest holders in protected riparian connectivity and highest priority surface water and riparian area targets, which are also the most underrepresented among protected landscape-level targets in the state. There was notable variation in highest priority design targets met via formal land protections at the county level. Some counties containing large public or former corporate timberland tracts also display relatively high percentages of design targets protected, whereas those dominated by family forest owners generally have lower percentages of protected targets. Our study suggests that achievement of large landscape conservation designs will occur more readily in landscapes containing large blocks of public or former timber industry forestlands. Our results also highlight strategies that could focus efforts to fulfill large landscape conservation initiatives in places where mixed private and public land ownership is the norm. Such strategies include continued support for collaboration between public and private partners in conservation; planning for the capacity to respond quickly to large, one-time land sales that are important design targets; increased support for nonprofits in acquiring protections for underrepresented surface waters and riparian connectivity targets; and an increased focus on the protection of low elevation targets in large landscape conservation designs.

中文翻译：

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混合所有制地区的大型景观保护：整合的机会和障碍

摘要 大型景观保护设计与现有土地保护之间的空间重叠并不总是很清楚，特别是在私有制和小地块面积是典型的地区。在本案例研究中，我们使用地理空间分析来比较新的州级保护设计佛蒙特保护设计与美国佛蒙特州的正式保护土地。我们发现，该设计中大约三分之一的最高优先级景观目标已经通过正式的土地保护实现。公共机构是大多数受保护的最高优先级内部森林区块和连通性区块目标的主要利益持有者。反过来，私人非营利组织作为受保护的河岸连通性和最优先的地表水和河岸地区目标的主要利益持有者发挥着重要作用，这些目标也是该州受保护景观级目标中代表性最不足的。通过县级正式土地保护实现的最高优先级设计目标存在显着差异。一些拥有大型公共林地或前公司林地的县也显示出受保护的设计目标百分比相对较高，而那些由家庭森林所有者主导的县通常受保护目标的百分比较低。我们的研究表明，在包含大块公共林地或前木材工业林地的景观中，更容易实现大型景观保护设计。我们的结果还强调了可以集中精力在私有和公共土地混合所有权为常态的地方实施大型景观保护计划的策略。这些战略包括继续支持公共和私人合作伙伴在保护方面的合作；规划快速响应大型一次性土地销售的能力，这是重要的设计目标；增加对非营利组织的支持，以保护代表性不足的地表水和河岸连通性目标；在大型景观保护设计中更加注重保护低海拔目标。这些战略包括继续支持公共和私人合作伙伴在保护方面的合作；规划快速响应大型一次性土地销售的能力，这是重要的设计目标；增加对非营利组织的支持，以保护代表性不足的地表水和河岸连通性目标；在大型景观保护设计中更加注重保护低海拔目标。此类战略包括继续支持公共和私人合作伙伴在保护方面的合作；规划快速响应大型一次性土地销售的能力，这是重要的设计目标；增加对非营利组织的支持，以保护代表性不足的地表水和河岸连通性目标；在大型景观保护设计中更加注重保护低海拔目标。