Adolescence is a critical developmental period that is characterised by growth spurts and specific neurobiological, neuroimmune and behavioural changes. In tandem the gut microbiota, which is a key player in the regulation of health and disease, is shaped during this time period. Diet is one of the most important regulators of microbiota composition. Thus, we hypothesised that dietary disturbances of the microbiota during this critical time window may result in long-lasting changes in immunity, brain and behaviour. C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to either high fat diet or cafeteria diet, which consists of normal chow and a high caloric treat presented each day, during the adolescent period from postnatal (P) day 28 to P49 and were tested for anxiety and social-related behaviour in adulthood. Our results show long-lasting effects of dietary interventions during the adolescent period on microbiota composition and the expression of genes related to neuroinflammation or neurotransmission. Interestingly, changes in myelination-related gene expression in the prefrontal cortex following HFD exposure were also observed. However, these effects did not translate into overt behavioural changes in adulthood. Taken together, these data highlight the importance of diet-microbiota interactions during the adolescent period in shaping specific outputs of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in later life.

中文翻译：

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青春期饮食干预对成年雄性小鼠肠道微生物群组成和杏仁核神经免疫基因表达的影响不同

青春期是一个关键的发育时期，其特点是生长突增和特定的神经生物学、神经免疫和行为变化。在此期间，肠道微生物群是调节健康和疾病的关键参与者，同时形成。饮食是微生物群组成最重要的调节剂之一。因此，我们假设在这个关键时间窗口内对微生物群的饮食干扰可能会导致免疫、大脑和行为的长期变化。C57BL/6 雄性小鼠在从产后 (P) 第 28 天到 P49 的青春期期间，暴露于高脂肪饮食或自助餐厅饮食，包括正常食物和每天提供的高热量食物，并测试焦虑和社交- 成年期的相关行为。我们的研究结果表明，青少年时期的饮食干预对微生物群组成以及与神经炎症或神经传递相关的基因表达有长期影响。有趣的是，还观察到了 HFD 暴露后前额叶皮层髓鞘形成相关基因表达的变化。然而，这些影响并没有转化为成年后明显的行为改变。综上所述，这些数据强调了青少年时期饮食-微生物群相互作用在塑造晚年微生物群-肠-脑轴的特定输出方面的重要性。还观察到HFD暴露后前额叶皮层髓鞘形成相关基因表达的变化。然而，这些影响并没有转化为成年后明显的行为改变。综上所述，这些数据强调了青少年时期饮食-微生物群相互作用在塑造晚年微生物群-肠-脑轴的特定输出方面的重要性。还观察到HFD暴露后前额叶皮层髓鞘形成相关基因表达的变化。然而，这些影响并没有转化为成年后明显的行为改变。综上所述，这些数据强调了青少年时期饮食-微生物群相互作用在塑造晚年微生物群-肠-脑轴的特定输出方面的重要性。