We describe the design, construction, and performance of an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscope (STM) capable of imaging at dilution-refrigerator temperatures and equipped with a vector magnet. The primary objective of our design is to achieve a high level of modularity by partitioning the STM system into a set of easily separable, interchangeable components. This naturally segregates the UHV needs of STM instrumentation from the typically non-UHV construction of a dilution refrigerator, facilitating the usage of non-UHV materials while maintaining a fully bakeable UHV chamber that houses the STM. The modular design also permits speedy removal of the microscope head from the rest of the system, allowing for repairs, modifications, and even replacement of the entire microscope head to be made at any time without warming the cryostat or compromising the vacuum. Without using cryogenic filters, we measured an electron temperature of 184 mK on a superconducting Al(100) single crystal.

中文翻译：

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模块化超高真空毫开尔文扫描隧道显微镜

我们描述了能够在稀释冰箱温度下成像并配备矢量磁铁的超高真空 (UHV) 扫描隧道显微镜 (STM) 的设计、构造和性能。我们设计的主要目标是通过将 STM 系统划分为一组易于分离、可互换的组件来实现高度模块化。这自然地将 STM 仪器的 UHV 需求与稀释冰箱的典型非 UHV 结构分开，促进了非 UHV 材料的使用，同时保持了容纳 STM 的完全可烘烤的 UHV 室。模块化设计还允许从系统的其余部分快速拆卸显微镜头，允许维修、修改、甚至可以随时更换整个显微镜头，而无需加热低温恒温器或影响真空度。在不使用低温过滤器的情况下，我们在超导 Al(100) 单晶上测量了 184 mK 的电子温度。