Over 50% of Earth is covered by oceanic crust, the uppermost portion of which is a high-permeability layer of basaltic lavas through which seawater continuously circulates. Fluid flow is driven by heat lost from the oceanic lithosphere; the global fluid flux is dependent on plate creation rates and the thickness and distribution of overlying sediment, which acts as a lowpermeability layer impeding seawater access to the crust. Fluid-rock reactions in the crust, and global chemical fluxes, depend on the average temperature in the aquifer, the fluid flux, and the composition of seawater. The average temperature in the aquifer depends largely on bottom water temperature and, to a lesser extent, on the average seafloor sediment thickness. Feedbacks between off-axis chemical fluxes and their controls may play an important role in modulating ocean chemistry and planetary climate on long timescales, but more work is needed to quantify these feedbacks. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review ...

中文翻译：

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海底的低温变化：对海洋化学的影响

地球超过 50% 的面积被洋壳覆盖，其最上部是高渗透性的玄武岩熔岩层，海水在其中不断循环。流体流动是由海洋岩石圈散失的热量驱动的；全球流体通量取决于板块形成速率以及上覆沉积物的厚度和分布，后者充当阻碍海水进入地壳的低渗透层。地壳中的流体-岩石反应和全球化学通量取决于含水层的平均温度、流体通量和海水的成分。含水层的平均温度在很大程度上取决于底层水温，在较小程度上取决于海底沉积物的平均厚度。离轴化学通量及其控制之间的反馈可能在长时间尺度上调节海洋化学和行星气候方面发挥重要作用，但需要做更多的工作来量化这些反馈。预计年度审查的最终在线发布日期......