This article focuses on reaction cells for in situ/operando studies of heterogeneous catalysts by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and vibrational (IR and Raman) spectroscopies and mainly focuses on transmission, internal reflection, diffuse reflectance, and scattering techniques. Its objective is to present a general overview of the most common commercial and homemade reaction cell designs, their main design characteristics, and limitations to serve as a guide for their selection or the design of new in situ/operando cells. It will be shown that there are currently many designs for different specific catalytic applications. However, an ideal reaction cell for a wide range of catalytic in situ and operando reaction conditions does not exist (yet), that is, with low dead volume (i.e., for fast dynamic response to process feed changes, within tens of seconds), high temperatures (> 500°C), high pressures (>30 bar), low cost, enough sample capacity (for operando studies, in the tens of mg), good spectroscopic response, resemblance to laboratory scale reactors, and reactor wall inertness, among others.

本文着重于通过紫外可见光谱和振动光谱（红外光谱和拉曼光谱）对多相催化剂进行原位/操作研究的反应池，主要研究透射，内反射，漫反射和散射技术。其目的是介绍最常见的商业和自制反应池设计，其主要设计特征和局限性，以作为选择或设计新的原位/操作池的指南。将表明，目前有许多针对不同特定催化应用的设计。但是，理想的反应池适用于多种原位催化 并且尚不存在操作反应条件（即），即死体积小（即在数十秒内对过程进料变化快速动态响应），高温（> 500°C），高压（> 30 bar），低成本，足够的样品容量（用于数十毫克的操作性研究），良好的光谱响应，类似于实验室规模的反应器以及反应器壁惰性等。