Physicochemical methods are frequently used for characterizing the acid-base catalysts which are involved in many industrial processes, with the problem of large differences between their operating conditions and those of catalytic reactions. This drawback does not exist with model reactions, their use demanding essentially a thorough knowledge of their mechanism: intermediates, characteristics of the active sites: nature (acid, base, acid base), strength, density, environment and their effect on the reaction rate. The contribution of model reactions of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, methylbenzenes) and functional compounds (alcohols, 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol, acetone) in the characterization of various acid-base catalysts: oxides (SiO₂-Al₂O₃, Al₂O_3, MgO, etc.) and zeolites, is critically evaluated.

物理化学方法常用于表征许多工业过程中所涉及的酸碱催化剂，其操作条件与催化反应的条件存在较大差异。该缺点在模型反应中并不存在，其使用本质上要求对它们的机理有全面的了解：中间体，活性部位的特征：性质（酸，碱，酸碱），强度，密度，环境及其对反应速率的影响。烃（烷烃，烯烃，甲基苯）和功能化合物（醇，2-甲基丁-3-yn-2-ol，丙酮）的模型反应在表征各种酸碱催化剂中的作用：氧化物（SiO ₂ -Al ₂ O ₃，Al ₂对O _3， MgO等）和沸石进行了严格评估。