Traditionally ceramic artifacts are processed at high temperatures (>1000 °C) by classical sintering techniques such as solid state, liquid phase and pressure-assisted sintering. Recently, inspired from the geology, novel sintering approaches that allow the densification of ceramic components at relatively low temperatures ≤400 °C have been proposed. While initial efforts for such low temperature densification concept were developed in the mid-70s, the topic has become increasingly prominent in the last decade. Currently, these low temperature methods can be classified into four main groups: (i) hydrothermal reaction sintering (HRS), (ii) hydrothermal hot pressing (HHP), (iii) pressure-assisted densification techniques: room-temperature densification (RTD), cold sintering (CS), warm press (WP), and finally no-pressure assisted method called (iv) reactive hydrothermal liquid phase densification (rHLPD). Above named techniques are commonly assisted by an aqueous solution used as either reactant or transient liquid phase to assist densification. Starting from the background in traditional sintering processes, this review aims to explore in depth the existing literature about low temperature densification approaches along with their advantages & disadvantages, and probable application areas.

传统上，陶瓷制品是通过经典的烧结技术（例如固态，液相和压力辅助烧结）在高温（> 1000°C）下加工的。近来，受地质学的启发，已经提出了新颖的烧结方法，该方法允许在≤400°C的较低温度下致密化陶瓷组件。尽管在70年代中期就为这种低温致密化概念做出了初步努力，但该主题在过去十年中变得越来越突出。目前，这些低温方法可分为四大类：（i）水热反应烧结（HRS），（ii）水热热压（HHP），（iii）压力辅助致密化技术：室温致密化（RTD） ，冷烧结（CS），热压（WP），最后是无压力辅助方法，称为（iv）反应性水热液相致密化（rHLPD）。上面提到的技术通常由用作反应物或瞬时液相的水溶液辅助以辅助致密化。本文从传统烧结工艺的背景出发，旨在深入探讨有关低温致密化方法的现有文献，以及它们的优缺点和可能的应用领域。