BACKGROUND Diarrhea, particularly of enteric bacterial pathogen, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. Despite the high prevalence of diarrheal disease among under-five children, antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens test is not part of routine childcare in the study area. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility status of Salmonella and Shigella species among diarrheic children attending public health institutions in Ambo town, west Showa, Ethiopia. METHODS Institutional based, cross-sectional study was carried out from January to July 2014 among 239 diarrheic children below five years of age in Ambo town, Ethiopia. Information about patient demographics, signs, and symptoms was obtained from the parents/guardians of each child using a questionnaire. Stool samples from diarrheic children were collected and processed for isolation of Salmonella and Shigella using conventional microbiology procedures. Suspected Salmonella isolates were confirmed by genus-specific PCR and serotyped using a slide agglutination test. Susceptibility to 10 commonly used antimicrobials was assessed using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS From the 239 children screened, only nine (3.8%) of them were positive for either Salmonella (n = 3) or Shigella (n = 6) and 19 (7.9%) positive for the intestinal parasite. Three species of Shigella were identified: Shigella flexinari (n = 3), Shigella boydii (n = 2), and Shigella sonnei (n = 1). The three Salmonella isolates were S. chicago, S. caracas, and S. saintpaul. Salmonella and Shigella isolates were resistant to ampicillin (88.9%), followed by tetracycline (66.7%), cotrimoxazole (55.6%), chloramphenicol (44.4%), amoxicillin (33.3%), nalidixic acid (11.1%) and cefotaxime (11.1%). All isolates were sensitive to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin. CONCLUSION In this study, either Salmonella or Shigella species were detected only in 3.8% of diarrheic children in Ambo town, suggesting the dominance of other causes of diarrhea in the study area. A further study targeting other causes of diarrhea should be conducted to establish the major causes of childhood diarrhea in the study area.

中文翻译：

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安博镇腹泻儿童沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌的流行情况和抗菌药物敏感性。


背景技术腹泻，特别是肠道细菌病原体的腹泻，仍然是埃塞俄比亚发病和死亡的主要原因。尽管五岁以下儿童腹泻病的患病率很高，但细菌病原体的抗生素耐药性测试并不是研究地区常规儿童保育的一部分。本研究旨在调查埃塞俄比亚昭和西部安博镇公共卫生机构的腹泻儿童中沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌的流行情况和抗菌药物敏感性状况。方法 2014 年 1 月至 7 月，对埃塞俄比亚安博镇 239 名 5 岁以下腹泻儿童进行了基于机构的横断面研究。使用问卷从每个孩子的父母/监护人那里获得有关患者人口统计、体征和症状的信息。收集腹泻儿童的粪便样本，并使用常规微生物学程序处理分离沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌。通过属特异性 PCR 确认疑似沙门氏菌分离株，并使用玻片凝集试验进行血清分型。使用 Kirby Bauer 纸片扩散法评估了对 10 种常用抗菌药物的敏感性。结果 在接受筛查的 239 名儿童中，只有 9 名 (3.8%) 沙门氏菌 (n = 3) 或志贺氏菌 (n = 6) 呈阳性，19 名 (7.9%) 肠道寄生虫呈阳性。鉴定出三种志贺氏菌：福氏志贺氏菌 (n = 3)、博伊迪志贺氏菌 (n = 2) 和宋内氏志贺氏菌 (n = 1)。三种沙门氏菌分离株是芝加哥沙门氏菌、加拉加斯沙门氏菌和圣保罗沙门氏菌。沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌分离株对氨苄西林耐药（88.9%），其次是四环素（66.7%）、复方新诺明（55.6%）、氯霉素（44.4%）、阿莫西林（33.3%）、萘啶酸（11.1%）和头孢噻肟（11.1%）。所有分离株均对阿米卡星、环丙沙星和庆大霉素敏感。结论 在本研究中，安博镇腹泻儿童中仅 3.8% 检出沙门氏菌或志贺氏菌，这表明研究区其他原因引起的腹泻占主导地位。应针对其他腹泻原因开展进一步研究，以确定研究地区儿童腹泻的主要原因。