Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, and in an effort to identify novel therapeutic target for this disease in recent years, human microbiota has attracted much interest. This paper briefly summarizes the main findings concerning the differences of human microbiome across several important mucosal interfaces, including nose, mouth, and gut between PD patients and controls as obtained from a total of 13 studies published since 2015, which covered a total of 943 PD patients and 831 matched controls from 6 countries. Overall, these studies supported the differences of gut microbiota between PD patients and matched controls, while significantly altered bacterial taxa among studies were not identical. Due to relatively limited number of available studies and covered patients, the associations between oral and nasal microbiota and PD remain inconclusive. The therapeutic and diagnostic potentials of gut microbiota for PD are discussed. More well-designed clinical studies recruiting large-scale PD patients are encouraged in future.

中文翻译：

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肠道，口腔和鼻腔菌群和帕金森氏病。

帕金森氏病（PD）是第二大最普遍的神经退行性疾病，近年来，为确定这种疾病的新治疗靶标，人类微生物群引起了广泛兴趣。本文简要总结了从2015年以来发表的13项研究中获得的关于PD患者与对照组之间人类微生物组跨多个重要粘膜界面（包括鼻子，嘴巴和肠道）的差异的主要发现。患者和来自6个国家/地区的831个匹配对照。总体而言，这些研究支持PD患者和相匹配的对照组之间肠道菌群的差异，而研究之间细菌类群的显着改变并不相同。由于可用研究的相对有限，且覆盖患者，口腔和鼻腔微生物群与PD之间的关联仍然不确定。讨论了肠道菌群对PD的治疗和诊断潜力。将来，鼓励更多设计良好的临床研究招募大规模的PD患者。