Bacillus subtilis is a widely distributed aerobic Gram-positive species of bacteria. As a tool in the lab, it has the advantages of nonpathogenicity and limited likelihood of becoming drug resistant. It is a probiotic strain that can be directly used in humans and animals. It can be induced to produce spores under nutrient deficiency or other adverse conditions. B. subtilis spores have unique physical, chemical, and biochemical characteristics. Expression of heterologous antigens or proteins on the surface of B. subtilis spores has been successfully performed for over a decade. As an update and supplement to previously published research, this paper reviews the latest research on spore surface display technology using B. subtilis. We have mainly focused on the regulation of spore coat protein expression, display and application of exogenous proteins, and identification of developing research areas of spore surface display technology.

中文翻译：

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枯草芽孢杆菌孢子表面展示技术的研究及应用开发进展。

枯草芽孢杆菌是一种广泛分布的需氧革兰氏阳性菌。作为实验室中的工具，它具有非致病性和抗药性有限的优点。它是一种益生菌菌株，可以直接用于人类和动物。在营养缺乏或其他不利条件下，可以诱导它产生孢子。枯草芽孢杆菌的孢子具有独特的物理，化学和生化特性。枯草芽孢杆菌孢子表面上的异源抗原或蛋白质表达已成功进行了十多年。作为对以前发表的研究的更新和补充，本文回顾了使用枯草芽孢杆菌对孢子表面展示技术的最新研究。我们主要专注于孢子外壳蛋白表达的调控，