To advance current Li rechargeable batteries further, tremendous emphasis has been made on the development of anode materials with higher capacities than the widely commercialized graphite. Some of these anode materials exhibit capacities above the theoretical value predicted based on conventional mechanisms of Li storage, namely insertion, alloying, and conversion. In addition, in contrast to conventional observations of loss upon cycling, the capacity has been found to increase during repeated cycling in a significant number of cases. As the internal environment in the battery is very complicated and continuously changing, these abnormal charge storage behaviors are caused by diverse reactions. In this review, we will introduce our current understanding of reported reactions accounting for the extra capacity. It includes formation/decomposition of electrolyte-derived surface layer, the possibility of additional charge storage at sharp interfaces between electronic and ionic sinks, redox reactions of Li-containing species, unconventional activity of structural defects, and metallic-cluster like Li storage. We will also discuss how the changes in the anode can induce capacity increase upon cycling. With this knowledge, new insights into possible strategies to effectively and sustainably utilize these abnormal charge storage mechanisms to produce vertical leaps in performance of anode materials will be laid out.

中文翻译：

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探索下一代锂可充电电池负极材料中的异常电荷存储。

为了进一步推进当前的锂可再充电电池，已经极大地重视发展比广泛商业化的石墨具有更高容量的负极材料。这些阳极材料中的一些具有高于基于常规锂存储机理（即插入，合金化和转化）预测的理论值的容量。另外，与常规的观察到的骑行损失的对比，发现在许多情况下，在重复骑行期间容量增加了。由于电池的内部环境非常复杂且不断变化，因此这些异常的电荷存储行为是由多种反应引起的。在这篇评论中，我们将介绍我们目前对报告反应的理解，这些反应会解释额外的容量。它包括电解质衍生表面层的形成/分解，在电子和离子阱之间的尖锐界面处额外电荷存储的可能性，含Li物质的氧化还原反应，结构缺陷的非常规活性以及像Li一样的金属簇。我们还将讨论阳极变化如何在循环时引起容量增加。有了这些知识，将对有效和可持续利用这些异常电荷存储机制以产生阳极材料性能的垂直飞跃的可能策略提供新的见解。以及类似Li存储器的金属簇。我们还将讨论阳极变化如何在循环时引起容量增加。有了这些知识，将对有效和可持续利用这些异常电荷存储机制以产生阳极材料性能的垂直飞跃的可能策略提供新的见解。以及类似Li存储器的金属簇。我们还将讨论阳极变化如何在循环时引起容量增加。有了这些知识，将对有效和可持续利用这些异常电荷存储机制以产生阳极材料性能的垂直飞跃的可能策略提供新的见解。