Relevance of the Quadratic Diamagnetic and Self-Polarization Terms in Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics.,ACS Photonics

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Relevance of the Quadratic Diamagnetic and Self-Polarization Terms in Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics.
ACS Photonics ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-26 , DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b01649
Christian Schäfer ₁ , Michael Ruggenthaler ₁ , Vasil Rokaj ₁ , Angel Rubio _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Experiments at the interface of quantum optics and chemistry have revealed that strong coupling between light and matter can substantially modify the chemical and physical properties of molecules and solids. While the theoretical description of such situations is usually based on nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics, which contains quadratic light-matter coupling terms, it is commonplace to disregard these terms and restrict the treatment to purely bilinear couplings. In this work, we clarify the physical origin and the substantial impact of the most common quadratic terms, the diamagnetic and self-polarization terms, and highlight why neglecting them can lead to rather unphysical results. Specifically, we demonstrate their relevance by showing that neglecting these terms leads to the loss of gauge invariance, basis set dependence, disintegration (loss of bound states) of any system in the basis set limit, unphysical radiation of the ground state, and an artificial dependence on the static dipole. Besides providing important guidance for modeling of strongly coupled light-matter systems, the presented results also indicate conditions under which those effects might become accessible.

中文翻译：

腔量子电动力学中二次抗磁和自极化项的相关性。

量子光学和化学界面的实验表明，光和物质之间的强耦合可以显着改变分子和固体的化学和物理性质。虽然这种情况的理论描述通常基于非相对论量子电动力学，其中包含二次光-物质耦合项，但忽略这些项并将处理限制为纯双线性耦合是很常见的。在这项工作中，我们阐明了最常见的二次项、抗磁项和自极化项的物理起源和实质性影响，并强调了为什么忽略它们会导致相当不物理的结果。具体来说，我们通过证明忽略这些项会导致规范不变性的损失、基组依赖性、基组极限中任何系统的瓦解（束缚态的损失）、基态的非物理辐射以及人工依赖于静态偶极子。除了为强耦合光物质系统的建模提供重要指导外，所提出的结果还表明了可能产生这些效应的条件。

更新日期：2020-02-26

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