Regulatory B (Breg) cells are characterized by differential expression of CD5 and CD1d in mouse and CD24 and CD38 in human immune systems. The Breg family also includes LAG-3+CD138hi plasma cells, CD1d CD5 CD21 CD23 cells, Tim1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CD200- expressing B cells, and CD39hiKi67+ cells originating from the transitional, marginal zone or germinal centre of the spleen. Breg cells produce IL10 and IL35 and to cause immunosuppression. These cells respond to TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 agonists, CD40 ligands, IL12p35 and heat shock proteins. Emerging evidence suggests that TLR signalling component Myd88 impacts the modulation of Breg cell responses and the host's susceptibility to infection. Breg cells are found to reduce relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, the Breg-mediated mechanism used to control T cell-mediated immune responses is still unclear. Here, we review the existing literature to find gaps in the current knowledge and to build a pathway to further research.

中文翻译：

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感染，炎症和自身免疫中的调节性B细胞。

调节性B（Breg）细胞的特征在于小鼠中CD5和CD1d的差异表达以及人类免疫系统中CD24和CD38的差异表达。Breg家族还包括LAG-3 + CD138hi浆细胞，CD1d CD5 CD21 CD23细胞，Tim1，PD-L1，PD-L2，表达CD200的B细胞和CD39hiKi67 +细胞，它们来自该细胞的过渡，边缘区或生发中心。脾。Breg细胞产生IL10和IL35，并引起免疫抑制。这些细胞对TLR2，TLR4和TLR9激动剂，CD40配体，IL12p35和热激蛋白起反应。新兴证据表明，TLR信号成分Myd88影响Breg细胞反应的调节以及宿主对感染的敏感性。发现Breg细胞可减少复发型实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎。然而，用于控制T细胞介导的免疫反应的Breg介导的机制仍不清楚。在这里，我们回顾了现有文献，以发现当前知识中的空白，并为进一步的研究打下基础。