Designing and implementing successful dietary interventions is integral to the role of sports nutrition professionals. Despite this, no review has evaluated sports nutrition interventions and consequently their active ingredients are not defined. This systematic review aimed to identify the behavioural strategies used in sports nutrition interventions and to explore any relationship between the strategies employed and intervention effects. SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, and SCOPUS were searched for behavioural interventions that aimed to change athletes' dietary behaviour. Behavioural interventions were eligible for inclusion provided pre and post-measures of dietary intake were reported. The protocol adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). Each study was coded against the "Template for Intervention Description and Replication" (TIDieR) checklist and the Behaviour change technique (BCT) taxonomy v1. Only 19 BCTs are currently employed within sports nutrition interventions suggesting that 80% of the available BCTs are not being used. Only three studies were theory informed and the standard of reporting across all studies requires substantial improvement. However, the majority of studies reported changes in athletes' dietary behaviour post-intervention. This review highlights an absence of evidence-informed approaches defining the professional practice of sports nutrition and illuminates a limited application of BCTs within the sports nutrition field. Consequently, the authors provide a framework and guide for intervention development to increase rigour and effectiveness of future sports nutrition interventions. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018072283.

中文翻译：

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运动营养干预：用于促进运动员饮食行为改变的行为策略的系统评价

设计和实施成功的饮食干预是运动营养专业人员不可或缺的一部分。尽管如此，没有任何评论对运动营养干预进行过评估，因此未定义其活性成分。本系统评价旨在确定运动营养干预中使用的行为策略，并探讨所采用的策略与干预效果之间的任何关系。搜索了 SPORTDiscus、MEDLINE、CINAHL、PubMed 和 SCOPUS，以寻找旨在改变运动员饮食行为的行为干预措施。如果报告了膳食摄入量的前后测量值，则行为干预符合纳入条件。该协议遵循系统评价和元分析协议的首选报告项目 (PRISMA-P)。每项研究都根据“干预描述和复制模板”(TIDieR) 清单和行为改变技术 (BCT) 分类法 v1 进行编码。目前只有 19 个 BCT 被用于运动营养干预，这表明 80% 的可用 BCT 没有被使用。只有三项研究以理论为依据，所有研究的报告标准都需要大幅改进。然而，大多数研究报告了干预后运动员饮食行为的变化。这篇综述强调了定义运动营养专业实践的循证方法的缺乏，并阐明了 BCT 在运动营养领域的有限应用。最后，作者为干预发展提供了框架和指南，以提高未来运动营养干预的严谨性和有效性。PROSPERO 注册号：CRD42018072283。