ABSTRACT Age-related cataracts is a pressing health issue with the increase in elderly populations. This creates an imminent demand for the development of an early, noninvasive method of cataracts diagnosis. Early detection of cataracts will improve quality of life and may prevent morbidity associated with advanced cataracts and surgery. Raman spectrum of proteins provides characteristic information regarding molecular interactions of peptide residues. Hence Raman spectroscopy is a promising tool for the study of protein-related diseases, such as cataracts. We surveyed the literature to assess the use of Raman technology in the studies of human lens and animal models. These studies included analysis of amino acids (i.e., cysteine, tryptophan, and tyrosine, etc.) and secondary protein structures (i.e., α-helix and β-sheet) in various Raman profiles. Other studies used Raman spectroscopy to analyze and monitor the development of cataracts in lens. Technological advances in the instrumentation of laser Raman spectroscopy, including Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy, Raman microspectroscopy, and confocal Raman microspectroscopy have improved the performance of Raman spectroscopic analysis. How to take advantage of these developments and make it closer to reality using Raman spectroscopic methods to diagnose cataracts in a timely manner is a key challenge for the scientific community of Raman spectroscopy.

中文翻译：

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白内障晶状体的拉曼光谱分析：综述

摘要 随着老年人口的增加，年龄相关性白内障是一个紧迫的健康问题。这对开发一种早期的、无创的白内障诊断方法产生了迫在眉睫的需求。白内障的早期发现将提高生活质量，并可能预防与晚期白内障和手术相关的发病率。蛋白质的拉曼光谱提供了有关肽残基分子相互作用的特征信息。因此，拉曼光谱是研究蛋白质相关疾病（如白内障）的有前途的工具。我们调查了文献以评估拉曼技术在人类晶状体和动物模型研究中的应用。这些研究包括分析各种拉曼图谱中的氨基酸（即，半胱氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸等）和二级蛋白质结构（即，α-螺旋和β-折叠）。其他研究使用拉曼光谱分析和监测晶状体白内障的发展。激光拉曼光谱仪器的技术进步，包括傅里叶变换拉曼光谱、拉曼显微光谱和共焦拉曼显微光谱，提高了拉曼光谱分析的性能。如何利用这些发展，并使用拉曼光谱方法及时诊断白内障，使其更贴近现实，是拉曼光谱科学界面临的一个关键挑战。和共焦拉曼显微光谱提高了拉曼光谱分析的性能。如何利用这些发展，并使用拉曼光谱方法及时诊断白内障，使其更贴近现实，是拉曼光谱科学界面临的一个关键挑战。和共焦拉曼显微光谱提高了拉曼光谱分析的性能。如何利用这些发展，并使用拉曼光谱方法及时诊断白内障，使其更贴近现实，是拉曼光谱科学界面临的一个关键挑战。