ABSTRACT Heavy metal soil contamination is a severe environmental problem globally, and its mapping is vital for environmental managers and policymakers to determine its distributions and hotspots. This paper reviewed multiple proximal and remote sensing spectroscopy for convenient and inexpensive method of obtaining soil reflectance spectroscopy or environmental covariates, which can be used for mapping heavy metal soil contamination. Furthermore, spatial prediction using proximal remote-sensed data and environmental covariates was discussed. We suggested that mapping of the spatial distributions of metal species may be important due to the different bioavailabilities and toxicities of various species. The assimilation of multiple proximal/remote-sensed sensors may promote the horizontal and vertical mapping of soil heavy metals. Moreover, combining the advantages of satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle-based hyperspectral imaging systems will facilitate the development of a space–aeronautic incorporation hyperspectral observation technology that can monitor soil environment rapidly and accurately at a large scale.

中文翻译：

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土壤重金属污染测绘的近程和遥感技术

摘要 重金属土壤污染是全球严重的环境问题，其绘图对于环境管理者和决策者确定其分布和热点至关重要。本文综述了多种近端和遥感光谱法，以方便、廉价的方法获得土壤反射光谱或环境协变量，可用于绘制重金属土壤污染图。此外，还讨论了使用近端遥感数据和环境协变量进行空间预测。我们认为，由于不同物种的生物利用度和毒性不同，绘制金属物种的空间分布图可能很重要。多个近/遥感传感器的同化可以促进土壤重金属的水平和垂直映射。而且，