ABSTRACT Nowadays, monitoring and observing insect pest populations is a major and crucial issue in agriculture, especially for crop protection. Spectroscopic techniques are well recognized for detecting and monitoring insect pests in the field and also the internal quality of fruit. There are several spectroscopic techniques with specific characteristic features, including mass spectrometry, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear resonance spectroscopy. Nevertheless, limitations and complexity are the constraints of these technologies. In this paper, the spectroscopic and imaging spectroscopic techniques are discussed, compared, and investigated, namely fluorescence light detection and ranging (LIDAR) to study the fluorescence of diverse types of planthopper (Hemiptera) and moth (Lepidoptera), visible and near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy to detect internal insect-infested jujubes, NIR spectroscopy to determine spectral properties of oil palm bagworms, hyperspectral transmittance image for detecting insect-damaged vegetable soybeans, and remote sensing measurement to detect bagworm infestation in oil palm plantations. These techniques are found to be reliable methods for better monitoring of insect pest movement in the harvested plant and in the ground, for the detection of insect-damaged vegetable soybeans and internal insect infestation in jujubes, and for the determination of oil palm bagworm spectral properties.

中文翻译：

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通过不同的光谱技术监测害虫侵扰

摘要 如今，监测和观察害虫种群是农业中的一个重大而关键的问题，特别是在作物保护方面。光谱技术被广泛用于检测和监测田间害虫以及水果的内部质量。有几种具有特定特征的光谱技术，包括质谱、紫外-可见光谱、红外光谱和核共振光谱。然而，限制和复杂性是这些技术的制约因素。本文讨论、比较和研究了光谱和成像光谱技术，即荧光检测和测距（LIDAR）来研究不同类型的飞虱（Hemiptera）和飞蛾（Lepidoptera）的荧光，可见光和近红外 (Vis/NIR) 光谱检测内部虫害的枣，NIR 光谱确定油棕袋虫的光谱特性，高光谱透射率图像用于检测受虫害的蔬菜大豆，以及遥感测量以检测枣的虫害油棕种植园。这些技术被认为是更好地监测收获植物和地面中害虫运动的可靠方法，用于检测受虫害的蔬菜大豆和枣中的内部虫害，以及确定油棕袋虫的光谱特性. 用于检测受虫害的蔬菜大豆的高光谱透射率图像，以及用于检测油棕种植园绦虫感染的遥感测量。这些技术被认为是更好地监测收获植物和地面中害虫运动的可靠方法，用于检测受虫害的蔬菜大豆和枣中的内部虫害，以及确定油棕袋虫的光谱特性. 用于检测受虫害的蔬菜大豆的高光谱透射率图像，以及用于检测油棕种植园绦虫感染的遥感测量。这些技术被认为是更好地监测收获植物和地面中害虫运动的可靠方法，用于检测受虫害的蔬菜大豆和枣中的内部虫害，以及确定油棕袋虫的光谱特性.