Understanding the subclinical pathway to cellular engraftment following haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has historically been limited by infrequent marrow biopsies, which increase the risk of infections and might poorly represent the health of the marrow space. Nuclear imaging could represent an opportunity to evaluate the entire medullary space non-invasively, yielding information about cell number, proliferation, or metabolism. Because imaging is not associated with infectious risk, it permits assessment of neutropenic timepoints that were previously inaccessible. This Viewpoint summarises the data regarding the use of nuclear medicine techniques to assess the phases of HSCT: pre-transplant homoeostasis, induced aplasia, early settling and engraftment of infused cells, and later recovery of lymphocytes that target cancers or mediate tolerance. Although these data are newly emerging and preliminary, nuclear medicine imaging approaches might advance our understanding of HSCT events and lead to novel recommendations to enhance outcomes.

中文翻译：

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通过移植成像造血干细胞和微环境动态。

从历史上了解造血干细胞移植（HSCT）后细胞移植的亚临床途径一直受到罕见的骨髓活检的限制，这增加了感染的风险并且可能无法很好地代表骨髓空间的健康。核成像可能是无创地评估整个髓腔的机会，从而产生有关细胞数量，增殖或代谢的信息。由于影像学与感染风险无关，因此可以评估以前无法获得的中性粒细胞减少的时间点。该观点总结了有关使用核医学技术评估HSCT阶段的数据：移植前的稳态，诱导的发育不良，输注细胞的早期沉降和植入，然后恢复针对癌症或介导耐受性的淋巴细胞。尽管这些数据是新兴的和初步的，但核医学影像学方法可能会增进我们对HSCT事件的理解，并会提出新颖的建议以增强疗效。