Three-dimensional organoid culture systems show great promise as innovative physiological and pathophysiological models. Their applications in immunological research have been widely explored. For instance, immune organoids allow functional studies of immune system-related conditions, in a context that closely mimics the in vivo microenvironment, enabling an in-depth understanding of the immune tissue structures and functions. The newly developed coculture organoid and the air-liquid interface (ALI) systems also provided new insights for studying epithelia-immune cell interactions based on their endogenous distribution. Additionally, organoids have enabled the innovation of immunological disease models and exploration of the link between immunity and cancer, showing potential for personalized immunotherapy. This review is an overview of recent advances in the application of organoids in immunological research. Furthermore, the potential improvements for further utilization of organoids in personalized immunotherapy are discussed.

中文翻译：

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用于研究免疫功能，免疫疾病和免疫疗法的类器官。

三维类器官培养系统作为创新的生理和病理生理模型显示出巨大的希望。它们在免疫学研究中的应用已被广泛探索。例如，在紧密模仿体内微环境的情况下，免疫类器官可以对免疫系统相关条件进行功能研究，从而可以深入了解免疫组织的结构和功能。新开发的共培养类器官和气液界面（ALI）系统也为基于它们的内源分布研究上皮细胞与免疫细胞的相互作用提供了新见识。此外，类器官使创新的免疫疾病模型和探索免疫和癌症之间的联系，显示出个性化免疫疗法的潜力。这篇综述概述了类器官在免疫学研究中的应用的最新进展。此外，讨论了在个体化免疫治疗中进一步利用类器官的潜在改进。