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Whole genome sequencing of a feline strain of Tritrichomonas foetus reveals massive genetic differences to bovine and porcine isolates.
International Journal for Parasitology ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.12.007 Joanna Dąbrowska 1 , Irene Keller 2 , Jacek Karamon 1 , Maciej Kochanowski 1 , Bruno Gottstein 3 , Tomasz Cencek 1 , Caroline F Frey 4 , Norbert Müller 4
International Journal for Parasitology ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.12.007 Joanna Dąbrowska 1 , Irene Keller 2 , Jacek Karamon 1 , Maciej Kochanowski 1 , Bruno Gottstein 3 , Tomasz Cencek 1 , Caroline F Frey 4 , Norbert Müller 4
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Tritrichomonas foetus is a protozoan parasite that colonizes the reproductive tract of cattle as well as the gastrointestinal tract of cats. Bovine tritrichomonosis is a sexually transmitted disease whereas feline tritrichomonosis is thought to be transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Furthermore, T. foetus is known as an essentially apathogenic commensal located in the nasal cavity of pigs. Transmission of T. foetus between the different hosts has to be considered a realistic scenario that may have important implications for the epidemiology of infections and disease. In our study, we generated whole genome sequencing (WGS) data from bovine, feline and porcine T. foetus strains to investigate the genetic (dis)similarities among these diverse strains. As a reference, we used a previously released draft assembly from a bovine T. foetus strain K isolated from an infected bull in Brazil. In particular, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the insertion-deletion (indel) variations within the genomes of the different strains. Interestingly, only a low degree of polymorphism (68 SNPs and indels) was found between the bovine and the porcine strains in terms of variants with a predicted impact of moderate or high and where one species is homozygous for one allele and the other homozygous for the other allele. Conversely, however, a 964 times higher number of such differences was detected by comparing the feline with either the bovine (65,569) or the porcine (65,615) strain. These data clearly indicated a close phylogenetic relationship between bovine and porcine T. foetus but a remarkable genetic distinctness of these two strains from the feline strain. The latter observation was confirmed by PCR-based sequencing of 20 in silico-selected indel markers and five in silico-selected SNP markers that uniformly demonstrated a relatively distant phylogenetic relationship of three independent feline T. foetus isolates in comparison to the bovine and porcine strains investigated. In summary, our comparative genome sequencing approach provided further insights into the genetic diversity of T. foetus in relation to the different host origins of the parasite. Furthermore, our study identified a large number of SNP- and indel-containing sequences that may be useful molecular markers for future epidemiological studies aimed at the elucidation of the transmission patterns of T. foetus within different host species.
中文翻译：
Tritrichomonas胎儿的猫科动物菌株的全基因组测序揭示了与牛和猪分离株的巨大遗传差异。
胎儿毛滴虫是一种原生动物寄生虫，它定居在牛的生殖道以及猫的胃肠道中。牛毛滴虫病是一种性传播疾病，而猫毛滴虫病被认为是通过粪-口途径传播的。此外，胎儿猪笼草被称为位于猪鼻腔内的一种基本无致病性共生体。必须考虑到在不同宿主之间传播T.胎儿的现实情况，这可能对感染和疾病的流行病学有重要影响。在我们的研究中，我们从牛，猫和猪T.fetus菌株中获得了全基因组测序（WGS）数据，以研究这些不同菌株之间的遗传（差异）相似性。作为参考，我们使用了以前发布的牛T的装配图。从巴西一头受感染的公牛中分离出的胎儿K株。特别是，我们确定了单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和不同菌株的基因组内的插入删除（插入/缺失）变异。有趣的是，在牛和猪品系之间仅发现了低度的多态性（68个SNP和indels），其变体具有预期的中等或高影响，并且其中一个物种对一个等位基因是纯合的，而另一物种对它是纯合的。其他等位基因。相反，通过将猫与牛（65,569）或猪（65,615）菌株进行比较，发现这种差异的数量高964倍。这些数据清楚地表明了牛和猪T.胎儿之间的密切的系统发育关系，但是这两个菌株与猫的菌株之间具有显着的遗传差异。后者的观察结果通过20种计算机选择的indel标记和5种计算机选择的SNP标记的基于PCR的测序得到证实，与牛和猪毒株相比，这3种独立的猫T.胎儿分离株一致地证明了较远的系统发生关系调查。总而言之，我们的比较基因组测序方法提供了关于寄生虫不同宿主起源的胎毛虫遗传多样性的进一步见解。此外，我们的研究确定了许多含有SNP和indel的序列，这些序列可能是未来流行病学研究的有用分子标记，旨在阐明不同宿主物种中T. fetus的传播方式。
更新日期：2020-02-26
中文翻译：
Tritrichomonas胎儿的猫科动物菌株的全基因组测序揭示了与牛和猪分离株的巨大遗传差异。
胎儿毛滴虫是一种原生动物寄生虫，它定居在牛的生殖道以及猫的胃肠道中。牛毛滴虫病是一种性传播疾病，而猫毛滴虫病被认为是通过粪-口途径传播的。此外，胎儿猪笼草被称为位于猪鼻腔内的一种基本无致病性共生体。必须考虑到在不同宿主之间传播T.胎儿的现实情况，这可能对感染和疾病的流行病学有重要影响。在我们的研究中，我们从牛，猫和猪T.fetus菌株中获得了全基因组测序（WGS）数据，以研究这些不同菌株之间的遗传（差异）相似性。作为参考，我们使用了以前发布的牛T的装配图。从巴西一头受感染的公牛中分离出的胎儿K株。特别是，我们确定了单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和不同菌株的基因组内的插入删除（插入/缺失）变异。有趣的是，在牛和猪品系之间仅发现了低度的多态性（68个SNP和indels），其变体具有预期的中等或高影响，并且其中一个物种对一个等位基因是纯合的，而另一物种对它是纯合的。其他等位基因。相反，通过将猫与牛（65,569）或猪（65,615）菌株进行比较，发现这种差异的数量高964倍。这些数据清楚地表明了牛和猪T.胎儿之间的密切的系统发育关系，但是这两个菌株与猫的菌株之间具有显着的遗传差异。后者的观察结果通过20种计算机选择的indel标记和5种计算机选择的SNP标记的基于PCR的测序得到证实，与牛和猪毒株相比，这3种独立的猫T.胎儿分离株一致地证明了较远的系统发生关系调查。总而言之，我们的比较基因组测序方法提供了关于寄生虫不同宿主起源的胎毛虫遗传多样性的进一步见解。此外，我们的研究确定了许多含有SNP和indel的序列，这些序列可能是未来流行病学研究的有用分子标记，旨在阐明不同宿主物种中T. fetus的传播方式。
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