Aural comfort is negatively affected during a train’s passage through various tunnel environments. The objective of this study was to propose a prediction model for determining optimal operation parameter combinations to improve train occupants’ aural comfort. High-speed train model tests, combined with a mathematical transfer model, were used to obtain the interior pressure transients under varying speeds, tunnel lengths and seal indexes. Then, a middle ear finite element model was used to simulate the dynamic responses under the pressure transients, and three indicators were employed to assess the severity of aural sensations. Meanwhile, the aural discomfort were classified into four groups according to the duration. Based on the simulation results, the ordinal regression analysis method was used to reveal the effects of the considered factors on aural comfort. The results indicate that aural discomfort sensations begin when a train runs in the middle of a tunnel but are mitigated when it approaches the tunnel exit. Furthermore, aural discomfort is positively correlated with the train speed and the distance from the driver cabin of the head car but negatively correlated with the seal index and tunnel length. As a conclusion, a mathematical prediction model was established that incorporates factors including the train speed, seal index, tunnel length and car position. It can not only forecast aural sensations under certain operation parameters and tunnel environments but also be used for determining the optimal operation parameters to ensure the best aural sensations for high-speed-train occupants.

火车通过各种隧道环境期间，对听觉的舒适性会产生负面影响。这项研究的目的是提出一种预测模型，用于确定最佳操作参数组合以改善列车乘员的听觉舒适度。高速列车模型测试与数学传递模型相结合，用于获得在变化的速度，隧道长度和密封指数下的内部压力瞬变。然后，使用中耳有限元模型模拟压力瞬变下的动态响应，并使用三个指标评估听觉的严重性。同时，根据病程将听觉不适分为四类。根据仿真结果，序数回归分析方法用于揭示考虑因素对听觉舒适度的影响。结果表明，当火车在隧道中间行驶时，会出现听觉不适感，但在接近隧道出口时会有所缓解。此外，听觉不适与火车速度和与本车司机室的距离呈正相关，而与密封指数和隧道长度呈负相关。结论是，建立了一个数学预测模型，该模型综合了包括火车速度，密封指数，隧道长度和轿厢位置在内的因素。