Abstract Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) and mustard seed meal (MSM) amendments can provide effective control of soil-borne diseases including apple replant disease. These measures rely on both chemical and biological modes of action to yield effective disease control and their integration may prove beneficial or, alternatively, deleterious to overall treatment efficiency when applied in concert. Potential outcomes of integrating ASD with MSM amendments were assessed by determining the effect of treatment application sequence and ASD carbon source on generation of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) derived from Brassica juncea seed meal, structure of the rhizosphere and soil microbiome, control of apple replant pathogens, and plant growth. In bioassays conducted using ‘Gala’ apple seedlings, application of ASD or MSM treatments independently was as effective or superior to all integrated treatments for the control of replant pathogens. Application of ASD prior to MSM amendment diminished the yield of AITC attained in response to soil incorporation of the Brassica juncea:Sinapis alba seed meal. Treatment application sequence had significant effect on structure of the bulk soil fungal and bacterial community. Correspondingly, treatment application sequence significantly altered plant growth performance when orchard grass was utilized as the ASD carbon input. At harvest, rhizosphere fungal but not bacterial community composition was significantly altered in treated soil relative to the control, and sequence of treatment application had significant effect on rhizosphere fungal community structure. Failure of integrated treatments to enhance overall replant disease control may have resulted from many factors including reduced generation of active metabolites, diminished activity of mechanisms functional in pathogen suppression, or the elevated accumulation and retention of phytotoxic chemistries, the latter which would require extended plant back periods to circumvent. The findings indicate that under the experimental conditions employed, integration of ASD with MSM amendment is unlikely to yield additive or synergistic effects on apple replant disease control.

中文翻译：

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在厌氧土壤灭虫和芥菜籽粉改良相结合的情况下，应用顺序调节微生物组组成、植物生长和苹果再植病害控制效率

摘要 厌氧土壤消毒 (ASD) 和芥菜籽粉 (MSM) 改良剂可以有效控制土壤传播疾病，包括苹果再植病害。这些措施依赖于化学和生物作用模式来产生有效的疾病控制，并且它们的整合可能被证明是有益的，或者在协同应用时对整体治疗效率有害。通过确定处理应用顺序和 ASD 碳源对芥菜籽粕衍生的异硫氰酸烯丙酯 (AITC)、根际结构和土壤微生物组、苹果再植病原体控制的影响，评估了将 ASD 与 MSM 修正相结合的潜在结果，和植物生长。在使用“Gala”苹果幼苗进行的生物测定中，单独应用 ASD 或 MSM 治疗与控制再植病原体的所有综合治疗一样有效或优于所有综合治疗。在 MSM 修正之前应用 ASD 会降低 AITC 的产量，以响应芥菜：白芥菜籽粕的土壤掺入。处理施用顺序对大量土壤真菌和细菌群落的结构有显着影响。相应地，当果园草用作 ASD 碳输入时，处理应用顺序显着改变了植物生长性能。在收获时，与对照相比，处理过的土壤中根际真菌而不是细菌群落组成发生了显着变化，并且处理应用的顺序对根际真菌群落结构有显着影响。综合治疗未能加强整体再植病害控制可能是由许多因素造成的，包括活性代谢物的产生减少、病原体抑制功能机制的活性降低，或植物毒性化学物质的积累和保留增加，后者需要延长植株恢复期规避时期。研究结果表明，在采用的实验条件下，ASD 与 MSM 改良剂的整合不太可能对苹果再植病害控制产生叠加或协同效应。后者需要延长工厂恢复期才能规避。研究结果表明，在采用的实验条件下，ASD 与 MSM 改良剂的整合不太可能对苹果再植病害控制产生叠加或协同效应。后者需要延长工厂恢复期才能规避。研究结果表明，在采用的实验条件下，ASD 与 MSM 改良剂的整合不太可能对苹果再植病害控制产生叠加或协同效应。