Pyrrolic and pyridinic N dopants can dramatically increase the electrochemical activities of carbon and conducting polymers. Although N-doped conducting polymers suffer from rapid degradation, their carbon counterpart of extraordinary capacitance has remarkable rate performance and cycling endurance thanks to carbon's excellent electrical conductivity. But high nitrogen content and high electrical conductivity are difficult to achieve in a high-surface-area carbon, because the high chemical vapor deposition (CVD) temperature required for obtaining high conductivity also destabilizes under-coordinated pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen and tends to lower the surface area. Here we resolve this dilemma by using SiO₂ as an effective N-fixation additive, which stabilizes the N-rich nano few-layer sp²-carbon construct in 1000 °C CVD. This enables a scalable sol-gel/CVD fabrication process for few-layer carbon electrodes of extraordinary capacitance (690 F g⁻¹). The electrodes have excellent rate performance and can maintain 90% of their initial capacitance after 30,000 cycles, thus potentially suitable for practical applications.

吡咯和吡啶二氮掺杂剂可以显着提高碳和导电聚合物的电化学活性。尽管掺N的导电聚合物会迅速降解，但由于碳的出色电导率，其非凡电容的碳对应物具有出色的倍率性能和耐循环性。但是，在高表面积碳中很难实现高氮含量和高电导率，因为获得高电导率所需的高化学气相沉积（CVD）温度还会破坏配位不足的吡咯和吡啶二氮的稳定性，并倾向于降低氮的含量。表面积。在这里，我们使用的SiO解决这种困境₂作为有效固氮添加剂，其稳定了富氮的纳米少层属在1000°C CVD中使用²碳结构。这使得能够对具有非凡电容（690 F g ^-1）的几层碳电极进行可扩展的溶胶-凝胶/ CVD制造工艺。电极具有出色的倍率性能，并且在30,000次循环后可以保持其初始电容的90％，因此有可能适合实际应用。