Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop that is adversely affected by drought. Post-drought growth is essential for improving peanut productivity and quality. Previous studies demonstrated that AhGLK1 (Arachis hypogaea L. Golden2-like 1) activates the expression of AhPORA to stimulate chlorophyll biosynthesis, and that AhGLK1 physically interacts with AhHDA1 (Arachis hypogaea L. histone deacetylase 1). However, the roles of the AhGLK1/AhHDA1 interaction in post-drought recovery remain to be elucidated. Herein, we report that AhHDA1 binds to AhGLK1 promoter and alters histone deacetylation levels to inhibit AhGLK1 expression. RNA-seq confirms that chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis-related genes are induced in AhGLK1-overexpressing, but reduced in AhGLK1 RNAi hairy roots. Furthermore, ChIP-seq shows that AhCAB (Arachis hypogaea L. chlorophyll A/B binding protein) is a target of both AhHDA1 and AhGLK1. Transactivation assays reveal that AhGLK1 activates AhCAB expression, while AhHDA1 inhibits the effect of AhGLK1 on AhCAB and AhPORA transcription. ChIP-qPCR shows that AhHDA1 and AhGLK1 bind to the promoters of AhCAB and AhPORA to regulate their expression during water stress and recovery. We propose that AhHDA1 and AhGLK1 consist of an ON/OFF switch for AhCAB and AhPORA expression during water stress and recovery. AhGLK1 activates, whereas AhHDA1 suppresses the expression of AhCAB and AhPORA.

中文翻译：

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AhHDA1介导的AhGLK1促进叶绿素合成和光合作用调节水分胁迫后花生叶片的恢复生长

花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）是一种受干旱不利影响的重要作物。干旱后生长对于提高花生产量和质量至关重要。先前的研究表明，AhGLK1（Arachis hypogaea L. Golden2-like 1）激活 AhPORA 的表达以刺激叶绿素生物合成，并且 AhGLK1 与 AhHDA1（Arachis hypogaea L.组蛋白脱乙酰酶 1）发生物理相互作用。然而，AhGLK1/AhHDA1 相互作用在干旱后恢复中的作用仍有待阐明。在此，我们报告了 AhHDA1 与 AhGLK1 启动子结合并改变组蛋白去乙酰化水平以抑制 AhGLK1 表达。RNA-seq 证实叶绿素合成和光合作用相关基因在 AhGLK1 过表达中被诱导，但在 AhGLK1 RNAi 毛状根中减少。此外，ChIP-seq 显示 AhCAB（Arachis hypogaea L. 叶绿素 A/B 结合蛋白）是 AhHDA1 和 AhGLK1 的靶标。反式激活试验表明 AhGLK1 激活 AhCAB 表达，而 AhHDA1 抑制 AhGLK1 对 AhCAB 和 AhPORA 转录的影响。ChIP-qPCR 显示 AhHDA1 和 AhGLK1 与 AhCAB 和 AhPORA 的启动子结合，以在水分胁迫和恢复期间调节它们的表达。我们建议 AhHDA1 和 AhGLK1 由一个用于在水分胁迫和恢复期间 AhCAB 和 AhPORA 表达的开/关开关组成。AhGLK1 激活，而 AhHDA1 抑制 AhCAB 和 AhPORA 的表达。ChIP-qPCR 显示 AhHDA1 和 AhGLK1 与 AhCAB 和 AhPORA 的启动子结合，以在水分胁迫和恢复期间调节它们的表达。我们建议 AhHDA1 和 AhGLK1 由一个用于在水分胁迫和恢复期间 AhCAB 和 AhPORA 表达的开/关开关组成。AhGLK1 激活，而 AhHDA1 抑制 AhCAB 和 AhPORA 的表达。ChIP-qPCR 显示 AhHDA1 和 AhGLK1 与 AhCAB 和 AhPORA 的启动子结合，以在水分胁迫和恢复期间调节它们的表达。我们建议 AhHDA1 和 AhGLK1 由一个用于在水分胁迫和恢复期间 AhCAB 和 AhPORA 表达的开/关开关组成。AhGLK1 激活，而 AhHDA1 抑制 AhCAB 和 AhPORA 的表达。