Two-dimensional MXenes have gained tremendous interest as frontier materials for a wide variety of applications and play a pivotal role in the development of future energy, electronic and optoelectronic devices as they exhibit high catalytic activity in diverse electrocatalytic and photocatalytic devices. The fabrication and application of MXenes as catalysts have become more progressive in recent years and more than 30 different varieties have been experimentally discovered and utilized. In this review, we rationally summarized and discussed the most recent advances in the synthesis and specific applications of MXenes as electrocatalysts and photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) including strategies for boosting their catalytic activity for target products. Finally, we highlight the lingering challenges and direction for the future development of MXenes as catalysts for HER and CO₂RR.

二维MXene作为广泛应用的前沿材料已引起人们极大的兴趣，并且由于它们在各种电催化和光催化设备中表现出高催化活性，因此在未来能源，电子和光电设备的开发中起着关键作用。近年来，作为催化剂的MXenes的制备和应用变得越来越先进，并且已经通过实验发现和利用了30多种不同的品种。在这篇综述中，我们合理地总结和讨论了MXenes作为用于氢析出反应（HER）和CO ₂还原反应（CO ₂）的电催化剂和光催化剂的合成和具体应用的最新进展。RR），包括提高其对目标产品催化活性的策略。最后，我们着重指出了MXene作为HER和CO ₂ RR催化剂的未来发展所面临的长期挑战和方向。