Abstract Interest has been generated in nanotechnology application in agricultural and food systems and understanding ecotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) is imperative for ecosystem health and food safety. This study compared the dose-effects of newly synthesized polysuccinimide NPs (PSI-NPs) with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), nano-Ag and nano-TiO2, on soil microbiological and biochemical processes. The effects of NPs varied largely with the type and dose of NPs as well as soil properties. Of the tested NPs, PSI-NPs had no significant perturbance, while the rest of NPs decreased microbial biomass C and N (MBC and MBN), stimulated the microbial metabolic quotient (MMQ), and inhibited dehydrogenase (DA), urease (UA), and phosphatase (PA) activities. Significant dose-effects of MWCNTs, nano-Ag and nano-TiO2 occurred, and the influences were more intensive at higher application rate (500 ppm). Irrespective of NP type and dose, the effects were severer in Spodosol soil than Alfisol soil. Principle component analysis (PCA) also confirmed that most of the measured indicators were not affected by PSI-NPs, partly affected by MWCNTs, but intensively influenced by nano-Ag and nano-TiO2. These results highlight the advantages of PSI-NPs over the other NPs for agricultural applications and could facilitate the development of guidelines in regulating NPs application in agroecosystems.

中文翻译：

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聚合物和其他纳米粒子对土壤微生物和生化特性影响的比较评估

摘要 纳米技术在农业和食品系统中的应用引起了人们的兴趣，了解纳米颗粒 (NPs) 的生态毒性对于生态系统健康和食品安全至关重要。本研究比较了新合成的聚琥珀酰亚胺 NPs (PSI-NPs) 与多壁碳纳米管 (MWCNTs)、纳米银和纳米二氧化钛对土壤微生物和生化过程的剂量效应。NPs 的影响在很大程度上因 NPs 的类型和剂量以及土壤性质而异。在测试的 NPs 中，PSI-NPs 没有显着的扰动，而其余的 NPs 降低了微生物生物量 C 和 N（MBC 和 MBN），刺激了微生物代谢商（MMQ），并抑制了脱氢酶（DA）、脲酶（UA）和磷酸酶 (PA) 活性。MWCNTs、nano-Ag 和nano-TiO2 的显着剂量效应发生，并且在更高的施用率（500 ppm）下影响更加强烈。不考虑 NP 类型和剂量，Spodosol 土壤的影响比 Alfisol 土壤更严重。主成分分析（PCA）也证实，大部分测量指标不受PSI-NPs的影响，部分受MWCNTs的影响，但受纳米Ag和纳米TiO2的影响很大。这些结果突出了 PSI-NPs 在农业应用中优于其他 NPs 的优势，并有助于制定规范 NPs 在农业生态系统中的应用。但受纳米银和纳米二氧化钛的影响较大。这些结果突出了 PSI-NPs 在农业应用中优于其他 NPs 的优势，并有助于制定规范 NPs 在农业生态系统中的应用。但受纳米银和纳米二氧化钛的影响较大。这些结果突出了 PSI-NPs 在农业应用中优于其他 NPs 的优势，并有助于制定规范 NPs 在农业生态系统中的应用。