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The multiscale hierarchical structure of Heloderma suspectum osteoderms and their mechanical properties.
Acta Biomaterialia ( IF 9.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-25 , DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.02.029 Francesco Iacoviello 1 , Alexander C Kirby 2 , Yousef Javanmardi 3 , Emad Moeendarbary 4 , Murad Shabanli 3 , Elena Tsolaki 2 , Alana C Sharp 5 , Matthew J Hayes 6 , Kerda Keevend 7 , Jian-Hao Li 7 , Daniel J L Brett 1 , Paul R Shearing 1 , Alessandro Olivo 2 , Inge K Herrmann 7 , Susan E Evans 5 , Mehran Moazen 3 , Sergio Bertazzo 2
Acta Biomaterialia ( IF 9.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-25 , DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.02.029 Francesco Iacoviello 1 , Alexander C Kirby 2 , Yousef Javanmardi 3 , Emad Moeendarbary 4 , Murad Shabanli 3 , Elena Tsolaki 2 , Alana C Sharp 5 , Matthew J Hayes 6 , Kerda Keevend 7 , Jian-Hao Li 7 , Daniel J L Brett 1 , Paul R Shearing 1 , Alessandro Olivo 2 , Inge K Herrmann 7 , Susan E Evans 5 , Mehran Moazen 3 , Sergio Bertazzo 2
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Osteoderms are hard tissues embedded in the dermis of vertebrates and have been suggested to be formed from several different mineralized regions. However, their nano architecture and micro mechanical properties had not been fully characterized. Here, using electron microscopy, µ-CT, atomic force microscopy and finite element simulation, an in-depth characterization of osteoderms from the lizard Heloderma suspectum, is presented. Results show that osteoderms are made of three different mineralized regions: a dense apex, a fibre-enforced region comprising the majority of the osteoderm, and a bone-like region surrounding the vasculature. The dense apex is stiff, the fibre-enforced region is flexible and the mechanical properties of the bone-like region fall somewhere between the other two regions. Our finite element analyses suggest that when combined into the osteoderm structure, the distinct tissue regions are able to shield the body of the animal by bearing the external forces. These findings reveal the structure-function relationship of the Heloderma suspectum osteoderm in unprecedented detail. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The structures of bone and teeth have been thoroughly investigated. They provide a basis not only for understanding the mechanical properties and functions of these hard tissues, but also for the de novo design of composite materials. Osteoderms, however, are hard tissues that must possess mechanical properties distinct from teeth and bone to function as a protective armour. Here we provide a detailed analysis of the nanostructure of vertebrate osteoderms from Heloderma suspectum, and show that their mechanical properties are determined by their multiscale hierarchical tissue. We believe this study contributes to advance the current knowledge of the structure-function relationship of the hierarchical structures in the Heloderma suspectum osteoderm. This knowledge might in turn provide a source of inspiration for the design of bioinspired and biomimetic materials.
中文翻译：
疑似毒蜥骨皮的多尺度层次结构及其力学性能。
骨真皮是嵌入脊椎动物真皮中的硬组织，并且被认为是由几个不同的矿化区域形成的。然而，它们的纳米结构和微观机械性能尚未得到充分表征。在这里，利用电子显微镜、μ-CT、原子力显微镜和有限元模拟，对蜥蜴疑似毒蜥的骨皮进行了深入的表征。结果表明，骨皮由三个不同的矿化区域组成：致密的顶端、包含大部分骨皮的纤维强化区域以及围绕脉管系统的骨样区域。致密的顶点是刚性的，纤维增强区域是柔性的，类骨区域的机械性能介于其他两个区域之间。我们的有限元分析表明，当组合成骨皮结构时，不同的组织区域能够通过承受外力来保护动物的身体。这些发现以前所未有的细节揭示了疑似毒蛇骨皮的结构与功能关系。意义声明：骨骼和牙齿的结构已得到彻底研究。它们不仅为了解这些硬组织的机械性能和功能提供了基础，而且为复合材料的从头设计提供了基础。然而，骨真皮是硬组织，必须具有与牙齿和骨骼不同的机械特性，才能发挥保护装甲的作用。在这里，我们对来自疑似毒蛇的脊椎动物骨皮的纳米结构进行了详细分析，并表明它们的机械性能是由其多尺度分层组织决定的。 我们相信这项研究有助于推进目前对疑似毒蛇骨皮层结构的结构与功能关系的认识。这些知识反过来可能为仿生材料和仿生材料的设计提供灵感来源。
更新日期：2020-02-25
中文翻译：
疑似毒蜥骨皮的多尺度层次结构及其力学性能。
骨真皮是嵌入脊椎动物真皮中的硬组织，并且被认为是由几个不同的矿化区域形成的。然而，它们的纳米结构和微观机械性能尚未得到充分表征。在这里，利用电子显微镜、μ-CT、原子力显微镜和有限元模拟，对蜥蜴疑似毒蜥的骨皮进行了深入的表征。结果表明，骨皮由三个不同的矿化区域组成：致密的顶端、包含大部分骨皮的纤维强化区域以及围绕脉管系统的骨样区域。致密的顶点是刚性的，纤维增强区域是柔性的，类骨区域的机械性能介于其他两个区域之间。我们的有限元分析表明，当组合成骨皮结构时，不同的组织区域能够通过承受外力来保护动物的身体。这些发现以前所未有的细节揭示了疑似毒蛇骨皮的结构与功能关系。意义声明：骨骼和牙齿的结构已得到彻底研究。它们不仅为了解这些硬组织的机械性能和功能提供了基础，而且为复合材料的从头设计提供了基础。然而，骨真皮是硬组织，必须具有与牙齿和骨骼不同的机械特性，才能发挥保护装甲的作用。在这里，我们对来自疑似毒蛇的脊椎动物骨皮的纳米结构进行了详细分析，并表明它们的机械性能是由其多尺度分层组织决定的。 我们相信这项研究有助于推进目前对疑似毒蛇骨皮层结构的结构与功能关系的认识。这些知识反过来可能为仿生材料和仿生材料的设计提供灵感来源。
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