One of the largest movers of the world economy is the oil and gas industry. The industry generates billions of barrels of oil to match more than half the world’s energy demands. Production of energy products at such a massive scale is supported by the equally massive oil and gas infrastructure sprawling around the globe. Especially characteristic of the industry are vast networks of pipelines that traverse tens of thousands of miles of land and sea to carry oil and gas from the deepest parts of the earth to faraway destinations. With such lengths come increased chances for damage, which can have disastrous consequences owing to the hazardous substances typically carried by pipelines. Subsea pipelines in particular face increased risk due to the typically harsher environments, the difficulty of accessing deepwater pipelines, and the possibility of sea currents spreading leaked oil across a wide area. The opportunity for research and engineering to overcome the challenge of subsea inspection and monitoring is tremendous and the progress in this area is continuously generating exciting new developments that may have far reaching benefits far outside of subsea pipeline inspection and monitoring. Thus, this review covers the most often used subsea inspection and monitoring technologies as well as their most recent developments and future trends.

中文翻译：

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检查和监测系统海底管道：一篇评论文章

世界经济的最大推动者之一是石油和天然气行业。该行业生产数十亿桶石油，以满足世界一半以上的能源需求。如此大规模的能源产品生产得到了遍布全球的同样庞大的石油和天然气基础设施的支持。该行业的特别特征是庞大的管道网络，它们穿越数万英里的陆地和海洋，将石油和天然气从地球最深处输送到遥远的目的地。随着这些长度的增加，损坏的机会增加，由于管道通常携带的有害物质，这可能会产生灾难性的后果。由于通常更恶劣的环境、进入深水管道的困难，海底管道尤其面临更大的风险，以及海流将泄漏的石油扩散到广阔区域的可能性。克服海底检查和监测挑战的研究和工程机会是巨大的，该领域的进展不断产生令人兴奋的新发展，这些发展可能在海底管道检查和监测之外产生深远的好处。因此，本次审查涵盖了最常用的海底检查和监测技术，以及它们的最新发展和未来趋势。克服海底检查和监测挑战的研究和工程机会是巨大的，该领域的进展不断产生令人兴奋的新发展，这些发展可能在海底管道检查和监测之外产生深远的好处。因此，本次审查涵盖了最常用的海底检查和监测技术，以及它们的最新发展和未来趋势。克服海底检查和监测挑战的研究和工程机会是巨大的，该领域的进展不断产生令人兴奋的新发展，这些发展可能在海底管道检查和监测之外产生深远的好处。因此，本次审查涵盖了最常用的海底检查和监测技术，以及它们的最新发展和未来趋势。