BACKGROUND The surgical treatment of breast cancer involves various psychological consequences, which differ according to individual characteristics. Our study aimed to identify the role that cognitive schemas had in triggering anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with breast cancer that underwent oncological and plastic surgery treatment. METHODS 64 female patients, diagnosed with breast cancer from an Oncology and Plastic Surgery Hospital, were selected to participate in this study between March-June 2018. They were divided into two groups: I. 28 patients who underwent mastectomy surgery; II. 36 patients, who required mastectomy and, subsequently, also chose to undergo breast reconstruction surgery. For the purposes of evaluating a possible change in mental health status, we employed two assessment scales: the Young Cognitive Schema Questionnaire - Short Form 3 (YSQ-S3) and the Romanian version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21R). RESULTS Participants who underwent mastectomy and subsequent breast reconstruction surgery employed cognitive schemas that did not generate symptoms of depression or anxiety. In contrast, the cognitive schemas found in women who refused reconstructive breast surgery were significantly correlated with the presence of anxiety-depressive symptoms. The cognitive schema domain of 'disconnection and rejection' correlated uncertainly with the presence of anxiety-depressive symptoms for the group with breast reconstruction (Spearman's ρ = 0.091, p = 0.644), while for the other group the correlation was moderate-strong (Spearman's ρ = 0.647, p <  0.01). Negative emotional schemas were significantly correlated with the presence of anxiety-depressive symptoms (Spearman's ρ = 0.598, p <  0.01) in the group of participants without reconstructive surgery. CONCLUSION A correct identification of dysfunctional cognitive schemas and coping mechanisms at the commencement of the combined treatment in breast cancer patients could serve as an indicator for the evolution of their mental health, therefore assisting professionals in establishing the most suitable psychological, psychotherapeutic and psychiatric intervention plan.

中文翻译：

---

认知模式对乳腺癌患者混合性焦虑抑郁症状的影响。

背景技术乳腺癌的外科手术治疗涉及各种心理后果，其根据个体特征而不同。我们的研究旨在确定认知图式在诊断为接受了肿瘤和整形外科治疗的乳腺癌患者中引发焦虑和抑郁症状的作用。方法选择2018年3月至6月在肿瘤与整形外科医院诊断为乳腺癌的64名女性患者作为研究对象。将其分为两组：I. 28例行乳房切除术的患者。二。需要乳房切除术的36名患者，随后也选择进行乳房再造手术。为了评估心理健康状况的可能变化，我们采用了两个评估量表：青年认知模式问卷-简短表格3（YSQ-S3）和罗马尼亚文版本的抑郁症焦虑压力量表-21（DASS-21R）。结果参加乳房切除术和随后的乳房再造手术的参与者采用了不会产生抑郁或焦虑症状的认知模式。相比之下，拒绝进行乳房再造手术的女性中发现的认知模式与焦虑抑郁症状的存在显着相关。乳房再造组的“脱节和排斥”的认知模式域与焦虑抑郁症状的存在不确定相关（斯皮尔曼的ρ= 0.091，p = 0.644），而另一组的相关性是中等强（斯皮尔曼的） ρ= 0.647，p <0.01）。在没有进行重建手术的参与者中，负性情绪图式与焦虑抑郁症状的存在显着相关（Spearmanρ= 0.598，p <0.01）。结论在乳腺癌患者联合治疗开始时正确识别功能障碍的认知模式和应对机制可作为其心理健康发展的指标，因此可帮助专业人员制定最合适的心理，心理治疗和精神干预计划。